1 .\" manual page [] for pppd 2.4
2 .\" $Id: pppd.8,v 1.59 2002/01/11 18:04:37 etbe Exp $
4 .\" SS subsection heading
6 .\" IP indented paragraph
10 pppd \- Point to Point Protocol daemon
22 The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a method for transmitting
23 datagrams over serial point-to-point links. PPP
24 is composed of three parts: a method for encapsulating datagrams over
25 serial links, an extensible Link Control Protocol (LCP), and
26 a family of Network Control Protocols (NCP) for establishing
27 and configuring different network-layer protocols.
29 The encapsulation scheme is provided by driver code in the kernel.
30 Pppd provides the basic LCP, authentication support, and an NCP for
31 establishing and configuring the Internet Protocol (IP) (called the IP
32 Control Protocol, IPCP).
33 .SH FREQUENTLY USED OPTIONS
36 Communicate over the named device. The string "/dev/" is prepended if
37 necessary. If no device name is given, or if the name of the terminal
38 connected to the standard input is given, pppd will use that terminal,
39 and will not fork to put itself in the background. A value for this
40 option from a privileged source cannot be overridden by a
44 Set the baud rate to <speed> (a decimal number). On systems such as
45 4.4BSD and NetBSD, any speed can be specified. Other systems
46 (e.g. SunOS) allow only a limited set of speeds.
49 Set the async character map to <map>. This map describes which
50 control characters cannot be successfully received over the serial
51 line. Pppd will ask the peer to send these characters as a 2-byte
52 escape sequence. The argument is a 32 bit hex number with each bit
53 representing a character to escape. Bit 0 (00000001) represents the
54 character 0x00; bit 31 (80000000) represents the character 0x1f or ^_.
55 If multiple \fIasyncmap\fR options are given, the values are ORed
56 together. If no \fIasyncmap\fR option is given, no async character
57 map will be negotiated for the receive direction; the peer should then
58 escape \fIall\fR control characters. To escape transmitted
59 characters, use the \fIescape\fR option.
62 Require the peer to authenticate itself before allowing network
63 packets to be sent or received. This option is the default if the
64 system has a default route. If neither this option nor the
65 \fInoauth\fR option is specified, pppd will only allow the peer to use
66 IP addresses to which the system does not already have a route.
69 Read options from the file /etc/ppp/peers/\fIname\fR. This file may
70 contain privileged options, such as \fInoauth\fR, even if pppd
71 is not being run by root. The \fIname\fR string may not begin with /
72 or include .. as a pathname component. The format of the options file
76 Use the executable or shell command specified by \fIscript\fR to set
77 up the serial line. This script would typically use the chat(8)
78 program to dial the modem and start the remote ppp session. A value
79 for this option from a privileged source cannot be overridden by a
83 Use hardware flow control (i.e. RTS/CTS) to control the flow of
84 data on the serial port. If neither the \fIcrtscts\fR, the
85 \fInocrtscts\fR, the \fIcdtrcts\fR nor the \fInocdtrcts\fR option
86 is given, the hardware flow control setting for the serial port is
88 Some serial ports (such as Macintosh serial ports) lack a true
89 RTS output. Such serial ports use this mode to implement
90 unidirectional flow control. The serial port will
91 suspend transmission when requested by the modem (via CTS)
92 but will be unable to request the modem stop sending to the
93 computer. This mode retains the ability to use DTR as
97 Add a default route to the system routing tables, using the peer as
98 the gateway, when IPCP negotiation is successfully completed.
99 This entry is removed when the PPP connection is broken. This option
100 is privileged if the \fInodefaultroute\fR option has been specified.
102 .B disconnect \fIscript
103 Run the executable or shell command specified by \fIscript\fR after
104 pppd has terminated the link. This script could, for example, issue
105 commands to the modem to cause it to hang up if hardware modem control
106 signals were not available. The disconnect script is not run if the
107 modem has already hung up. A value for this option from a privileged
108 source cannot be overridden by a non-privileged user.
110 .B escape \fIxx,yy,...
111 Specifies that certain characters should be escaped on transmission
112 (regardless of whether the peer requests them to be escaped with its
113 async control character map). The characters to be escaped are
114 specified as a list of hex numbers separated by commas. Note that
115 almost any character can be specified for the \fIescape\fR option,
116 unlike the \fIasyncmap\fR option which only allows control characters
117 to be specified. The characters which may not be escaped are those
118 with hex values 0x20 - 0x3f or 0x5e.
121 Read options from file \fIname\fR (the format is described below).
122 The file must be readable by the user who has invoked pppd.
125 Run the executable or shell command specified by \fIscript\fR to
126 initialize the serial line. This script would typically use the
127 chat(8) program to configure the modem to enable auto answer. A value
128 for this option from a privileged source cannot be overridden by a
132 Specifies that pppd should create a UUCP-style lock file for the
133 serial device to ensure exclusive access to the device.
136 Set the MRU [Maximum Receive Unit] value to \fIn\fR. Pppd
137 will ask the peer to send packets of no more than \fIn\fR bytes. The
138 minimum MRU value is 128. The default MRU value is 1500. A value of
139 296 is recommended for slow links (40 bytes for TCP/IP header + 256
140 bytes of data). (Note that for IPv6 MRU must be at least 1280)
143 Set the MTU [Maximum Transmit Unit] value to \fIn\fR. Unless the
144 peer requests a smaller value via MRU negotiation, pppd will
145 request that the kernel networking code send data packets of no more
146 than \fIn\fR bytes through the PPP network interface. (Note that for
147 IPv6 MTU must be at least 1280)
150 Enables the "passive" option in the LCP. With this option, pppd will
151 attempt to initiate a connection; if no reply is received from the
152 peer, pppd will then just wait passively for a valid LCP packet from
153 the peer, instead of exiting, as it would without this option.
156 .I <local_IP_address>\fB:\fI<remote_IP_address>
157 Set the local and/or remote interface IP addresses. Either one may be
158 omitted. The IP addresses can be specified with a host name or in
159 decimal dot notation (e.g. 150.234.56.78). The default local
160 address is the (first) IP address of the system (unless the
162 option is given). The remote address will be obtained from the peer
163 if not specified in any option. Thus, in simple cases, this option is
164 not required. If a local and/or remote IP address is specified with
166 will not accept a different value from the peer in the IPCP
167 negotiation, unless the \fIipcp-accept-local\fR and/or
168 \fIipcp-accept-remote\fR options are given, respectively.
170 .B ipv6 \fI<local_interface_identifier>\fR,\fI<remote_interface_identifier>
171 Set the local and/or remote 64-bit interface identifier. Either one may be
172 omitted. The identifier must be specified in standard ascii notation of
173 IPv6 addresses (e.g. ::dead:beef). If the
174 \fIipv6cp-use-ipaddr\fR
175 option is given, the local identifier is the local IPv4 address (see above).
176 On systems which supports a unique persistent id, such as EUI-48 derived
177 from the Ethernet MAC address, \fIipv6cp-use-persistent\fR option can be
178 used to replace the \fIipv6 <local>,<remote>\fR option. Otherwise the
179 identifier is randomized.
181 .B active-filter \fIfilter-expression
182 Specifies a packet filter to be applied to data packets to determine
183 which packets are to be regarded as link activity, and therefore reset
184 the idle timer, or cause the link to be brought up in demand-dialling
185 mode. This option is useful in conjunction with the
186 \fBidle\fR option if there are packets being sent or received
187 regularly over the link (for example, routing information packets)
188 which would otherwise prevent the link from ever appearing to be idle.
189 The \fIfilter-expression\fR syntax is as described for tcpdump(1),
190 except that qualifiers which are inappropriate for a PPP link, such as
191 \fBether\fR and \fBarp\fR, are not permitted. Generally the filter
192 expression should be enclosed in single-quotes to prevent whitespace
193 in the expression from being interpreted by the shell. This option
194 is currently only available under NetBSD, and then only
195 if both the kernel and pppd were compiled with PPP_FILTER defined.
197 .B allow-ip \fIaddress(es)
198 Allow peers to use the given IP address or subnet without
199 authenticating themselves. The parameter is parsed as for each
200 element of the list of allowed IP addresses in the secrets files (see
201 the AUTHENTICATION section below).
204 Request that the peer compress packets that it sends, using the
205 BSD-Compress scheme, with a maximum code size of \fInr\fR bits, and
206 agree to compress packets sent to the peer with a maximum code size of
207 \fInt\fR bits. If \fInt\fR is not specified, it defaults to the value
208 given for \fInr\fR. Values in the range 9 to 15 may be used for
209 \fInr\fR and \fInt\fR; larger values give better compression but
210 consume more kernel memory for compression dictionaries.
211 Alternatively, a value of 0 for \fInr\fR or \fInt\fR disables
212 compression in the corresponding direction. Use \fInobsdcomp\fR or
213 \fIbsdcomp 0\fR to disable BSD-Compress compression entirely.
216 Use a non-standard hardware flow control (i.e. DTR/CTS) to control
217 the flow of data on the serial port. If neither the \fIcrtscts\fR,
218 the \fInocrtscts\fR, the \fIcdtrcts\fR nor the \fInocdtrcts\fR
219 option is given, the hardware flow control setting for the serial
220 port is left unchanged.
221 Some serial ports (such as Macintosh serial ports) lack a true
222 RTS output. Such serial ports use this mode to implement true
223 bi-directional flow control. The sacrifice is that this flow
224 control mode does not permit using DTR as a modem control line.
226 .B chap-interval \fIn
227 If this option is given, pppd will rechallenge the peer every \fIn\fR
230 .B chap-max-challenge \fIn
231 Set the maximum number of CHAP challenge transmissions to \fIn\fR
235 Set the CHAP restart interval (retransmission timeout for challenges)
236 to \fIn\fR seconds (default 3).
238 .B connect-delay \fIn
239 Wait for up \fIn\fR milliseconds after the connect script finishes for
240 a valid PPP packet from the peer. At the end of this time, or when a
241 valid PPP packet is received from the peer, pppd will commence
242 negotiation by sending its first LCP packet. The default value is
243 1000 (1 second). This wait period only applies if the \fBconnect\fR
244 or \fBpty\fR option is used.
247 Enables connection debugging facilities.
248 If this option is given, pppd will log the contents of all
249 control packets sent or received in a readable form. The packets are
250 logged through syslog with facility \fIdaemon\fR and level
251 \fIdebug\fR. This information can be directed to a file by setting up
252 /etc/syslog.conf appropriately (see syslog.conf(5)).
255 Disable asyncmap negotiation, forcing all control characters to be
256 escaped for both the transmit and the receive direction.
259 Disable MRU [Maximum Receive Unit] negotiation. With this option,
260 pppd will use the default MRU value of 1500 bytes for both the
261 transmit and receive direction.
264 Request that the peer compress packets that it sends, using the
265 Deflate scheme, with a maximum window size of \fI2**nr\fR bytes, and
266 agree to compress packets sent to the peer with a maximum window size
267 of \fI2**nt\fR bytes. If \fInt\fR is not specified, it defaults to
268 the value given for \fInr\fR. Values in the range 9 to 15 may be used
269 for \fInr\fR and \fInt\fR; larger values give better compression but
270 consume more kernel memory for compression dictionaries.
271 Alternatively, a value of 0 for \fInr\fR or \fInt\fR disables
272 compression in the corresponding direction. Use \fInodeflate\fR or
273 \fIdeflate 0\fR to disable Deflate compression entirely. (Note: pppd
274 requests Deflate compression in preference to BSD-Compress if the peer
278 Initiate the link only on demand, i.e. when data traffic is present.
279 With this option, the remote IP address must be specified by the user
280 on the command line or in an options file. Pppd will initially
281 configure the interface and enable it for IP traffic without
282 connecting to the peer. When traffic is available, pppd will
283 connect to the peer and perform negotiation, authentication, etc.
284 When this is completed, pppd will commence passing data packets
285 (i.e., IP packets) across the link.
287 The \fIdemand\fR option implies the \fIpersist\fR option. If this
288 behaviour is not desired, use the \fInopersist\fR option after the
289 \fIdemand\fR option. The \fIidle\fR and \fIholdoff\fR
290 options are also useful in conjuction with the \fIdemand\fR option.
293 Append the domain name \fId\fR to the local host name for authentication
294 purposes. For example, if gethostname() returns the name porsche, but
295 the fully qualified domain name is porsche.Quotron.COM, you could
296 specify \fIdomain Quotron.COM\fR. Pppd would then use the name
297 \fIporsche.Quotron.COM\fR for looking up secrets in the secrets file,
298 and as the default name to send to the peer when authenticating itself
299 to the peer. This option is privileged.
302 With the \fBdryrun\fR option, pppd will print out all the option
303 values which have been set and then exit, after parsing the command
304 line and options files and checking the option values, but before
305 initiating the link. The option values are logged at level info, and
306 also printed to standard output unless the device on standard output
307 is the device that pppd would be using to communicate with the peer.
310 With the \fBdump\fR option, pppd will print out all the option values
311 which have been set. This option is like the \fBdryrun\fR option
312 except that pppd proceeds as normal rather than exiting.
314 .B endpoint \fI<epdisc>
315 Sets the endpoint discriminator sent by the local machine to the peer
316 during multilink negotiation to \fI<epdisc>\fR. The default is to use
317 the MAC address of the first ethernet interface on the system, if any,
318 otherwise the IPv4 address corresponding to the hostname, if any,
319 provided it is not in the multicast or locally-assigned IP address
320 ranges, or the localhost address. The endpoint discriminator can be
321 the string \fBnull\fR or of the form \fItype\fR:\fIvalue\fR, where
322 type is a decimal number or one of the strings \fBlocal\fR, \fBIP\fR,
323 \fBMAC\fR, \fBmagic\fR, or \fBphone\fR. The value is an IP address in
324 dotted-decimal notation for the \fBIP\fR type, or a string of bytes in
325 hexadecimal, separated by periods or colons for the other types. For
326 the MAC type, the value may also be the name of an ethernet or similar
327 network interface. This option is currently only available under
331 When logging the contents of PAP packets, this option causes pppd to
332 exclude the password string from the log. This is the default.
335 Specifies how many seconds to wait before re-initiating the link after
336 it terminates. This option only has any effect if the \fIpersist\fR
337 or \fIdemand\fR option is used. The holdoff period is not applied if
338 the link was terminated because it was idle.
341 Specifies that pppd should disconnect if the link is idle for \fIn\fR
342 seconds. The link is idle when no data packets (i.e. IP packets) are
343 being sent or received. Note: it is not advisable to use this option
344 with the \fIpersist\fR option without the \fIdemand\fR option.
345 If the \fBactive-filter\fR
346 option is given, data packets which are rejected by the specified
347 activity filter also count as the link being idle.
350 With this option, pppd will accept the peer's idea of our local IP
351 address, even if the local IP address was specified in an option.
353 .B ipcp-accept-remote
354 With this option, pppd will accept the peer's idea of its (remote) IP
355 address, even if the remote IP address was specified in an option.
357 .B ipcp-max-configure \fIn
358 Set the maximum number of IPCP configure-request transmissions to
359 \fIn\fR (default 10).
361 .B ipcp-max-failure \fIn
362 Set the maximum number of IPCP configure-NAKs returned before starting
363 to send configure-Rejects instead to \fIn\fR (default 10).
365 .B ipcp-max-terminate \fIn
366 Set the maximum number of IPCP terminate-request transmissions to
370 Set the IPCP restart interval (retransmission timeout) to \fIn\fR
374 Provides an extra parameter to the ip-up and ip-down scripts. If this
375 option is given, the \fIstring\fR supplied is given as the 6th
376 parameter to those scripts.
378 .B ipv6cp-max-configure \fIn
379 Set the maximum number of IPv6CP configure-request transmissions to
380 \fIn\fR (default 10).
382 .B ipv6cp-max-failure \fIn
383 Set the maximum number of IPv6CP configure-NAKs returned before starting
384 to send configure-Rejects instead to \fIn\fR (default 10).
386 .B ipv6cp-max-terminate \fIn
387 Set the maximum number of IPv6CP terminate-request transmissions to
390 .B ipv6cp-restart \fIn
391 Set the IPv6CP restart interval (retransmission timeout) to \fIn\fR
395 Enable the IPXCP and IPX protocols. This option is presently only
396 supported under Linux, and only if your kernel has been configured to
400 Set the IPX network number in the IPXCP configure request frame to
401 \fIn\fR, a hexadecimal number (without a leading 0x). There is no
402 valid default. If this option is not specified, the network number is
403 obtained from the peer. If the peer does not have the network number,
404 the IPX protocol will not be started.
406 .B ipx-node \fIn\fB:\fIm
407 Set the IPX node numbers. The two node numbers are separated from each
408 other with a colon character. The first number \fIn\fR is the local
409 node number. The second number \fIm\fR is the peer's node number. Each
410 node number is a hexadecimal number, at most 10 digits long. The node
411 numbers on the ipx-network must be unique. There is no valid
412 default. If this option is not specified then the node numbers are
413 obtained from the peer.
415 .B ipx-router-name \fI<string>
416 Set the name of the router. This is a string and is sent to the peer
420 Set the routing protocol to be received by this option. More than one
421 instance of \fIipx-routing\fR may be specified. The '\fInone\fR'
422 option (0) may be specified as the only instance of ipx-routing. The
423 values may be \fI0\fR for \fINONE\fR, \fI2\fR for \fIRIP/SAP\fR, and
424 \fI4\fR for \fINLSP\fR.
426 .B ipxcp-accept-local
427 Accept the peer's NAK for the node number specified in the ipx-node
428 option. If a node number was specified, and non-zero, the default is
429 to insist that the value be used. If you include this option then you
430 will permit the peer to override the entry of the node number.
432 .B ipxcp-accept-network
433 Accept the peer's NAK for the network number specified in the
434 ipx-network option. If a network number was specified, and non-zero, the
435 default is to insist that the value be used. If you include this
436 option then you will permit the peer to override the entry of the node
439 .B ipxcp-accept-remote
440 Use the peer's network number specified in the configure request
441 frame. If a node number was specified for the peer and this option was
442 not specified, the peer will be forced to use the value which you have
445 .B ipxcp-max-configure \fIn
446 Set the maximum number of IPXCP configure request frames which the
447 system will send to \fIn\fR. The default is 10.
449 .B ipxcp-max-failure \fIn
450 Set the maximum number of IPXCP NAK frames which the local system will
451 send before it rejects the options. The default value is 3.
453 .B ipxcp-max-terminate \fIn
454 Set the maximum nuber of IPXCP terminate request frames before the
455 local system considers that the peer is not listening to them. The
459 Enable debugging code in the kernel-level PPP driver. The argument
460 values depend on the specific kernel driver, but in general a value of
461 1 will enable general kernel debug messages. (Note that these
462 messages are usually only useful for debugging the kernel driver
463 itself.) For the Linux 2.2.x kernel driver, the value is a sum of
465 enable general debug messages, 2 to request that the contents of
466 received packets be printed, and 4 to request that the contents of
467 transmitted packets be printed. On most systems, messages printed by
468 the kernel are logged by syslog(1) to a file as directed in the
469 /etc/syslog.conf configuration file.
472 Enables pppd to alter kernel settings as appropriate. Under Linux,
473 pppd will enable IP forwarding (i.e. set /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
474 to 1) if the \fIproxyarp\fR option is used, and will enable the
475 dynamic IP address option (i.e. set /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr to
476 1) in demand mode if the local address changes.
478 .B lcp-echo-failure \fIn
479 If this option is given, pppd will presume the peer to be dead
480 if \fIn\fR LCP echo-requests are sent without receiving a valid LCP
481 echo-reply. If this happens, pppd will terminate the
482 connection. Use of this option requires a non-zero value for the
483 \fIlcp-echo-interval\fR parameter. This option can be used to enable
484 pppd to terminate after the physical connection has been broken
485 (e.g., the modem has hung up) in situations where no hardware modem
486 control lines are available.
488 .B lcp-echo-interval \fIn
489 If this option is given, pppd will send an LCP echo-request frame to
490 the peer every \fIn\fR seconds. Normally the peer should respond to
491 the echo-request by sending an echo-reply. This option can be used
492 with the \fIlcp-echo-failure\fR option to detect that the peer is no
495 .B lcp-max-configure \fIn
496 Set the maximum number of LCP configure-request transmissions to
497 \fIn\fR (default 10).
499 .B lcp-max-failure \fIn
500 Set the maximum number of LCP configure-NAKs returned before starting
501 to send configure-Rejects instead to \fIn\fR (default 10).
503 .B lcp-max-terminate \fIn
504 Set the maximum number of LCP terminate-request transmissions to
508 Set the LCP restart interval (retransmission timeout) to \fIn\fR
511 .B linkname \fIname\fR
512 Sets the logical name of the link to \fIname\fR. Pppd will create a
513 file named \fBppp-\fIname\fB.pid\fR in /var/run (or /etc/ppp on some
514 systems) containing its process ID. This can be useful in determining
515 which instance of pppd is responsible for the link to a given peer
516 system. This is a privileged option.
519 Don't use the modem control lines. With this option, pppd will ignore
520 the state of the CD (Carrier Detect) signal from the modem and will
521 not change the state of the DTR (Data Terminal Ready) signal.
524 Send log messages to file descriptor \fIn\fR. Pppd will send log
525 messages to at most one file or file descriptor (as well as sending
526 the log messages to syslog), so this option and the \fBlogfile\fR
527 option are mutually exclusive. The default is for pppd to send log
528 messages to stdout (file descriptor 1), unless the serial port is
529 already open on stdout.
531 .B logfile \fIfilename
532 Append log messages to the file \fIfilename\fR (as well as sending the
533 log messages to syslog). The file is opened with the privileges of
534 the user who invoked pppd, in append mode.
537 Use the system password database for authenticating the peer using
538 PAP, and record the user in the system wtmp file. Note that the peer
539 must have an entry in the /etc/ppp/pap-secrets file as well as the
540 system password database to be allowed access.
543 Terminate the connection when it has been available for network
544 traffic for \fIn\fR seconds (i.e. \fIn\fR seconds after the first
545 network control protocol comes up).
548 Terminate after \fIn\fR consecutive failed connection attempts. A
549 value of 0 means no limit. The default value is 10.
552 Use the modem control lines. This option is the default. With this
553 option, pppd will wait for the CD (Carrier Detect) signal from the
554 modem to be asserted when opening the serial device (unless a connect
555 script is specified), and it will drop the DTR (Data Terminal Ready)
556 signal briefly when the connection is terminated and before executing
557 the connect script. On Ultrix, this option implies hardware flow
558 control, as for the \fIcrtscts\fR option.
561 Enables the use of PPP multilink; this is an alias for the `multilink'
562 option. This option is currently only available under Linux.
565 Enables the use of short (12-bit) sequence numbers in multilink
566 headers, as opposed to 24-bit sequence numbers. This option is only
567 available under Linux, and only has any effect if multilink is
568 enabled (see the multilink option).
571 Sets the Maximum Reconstructed Receive Unit to \fIn\fR. The MRRU is
572 the maximum size for a received packet on a multilink bundle, and is
573 analogous to the MRU for the individual links. This option is
574 currently only available under Linux, and only has any effect if
575 multilink is enabled (see the multilink option).
578 If pppd is acting as a server for Microsoft Windows clients, this
579 option allows pppd to supply one or two DNS (Domain Name Server)
580 addresses to the clients. The first instance of this option specifies
581 the primary DNS address; the second instance (if given) specifies the
582 secondary DNS address. (This option was present in some older
583 versions of pppd under the name \fBdns-addr\fR.)
586 If pppd is acting as a server for Microsoft Windows or "Samba"
587 clients, this option allows pppd to supply one or two WINS (Windows
588 Internet Name Services) server addresses to the clients. The first
589 instance of this option specifies the primary WINS address; the second
590 instance (if given) specifies the secondary WINS address.
593 Enables the use of the PPP multilink protocol. If the peer also
594 supports multilink, then this link can become part of a bundle between
595 the local system and the peer. If there is an existing bundle to the
596 peer, pppd will join this link to that bundle, otherwise pppd will
597 create a new bundle. See the MULTILINK section below. This option is
598 currently only available under Linux.
601 Set the name of the local system for authentication purposes to
602 \fIname\fR. This is a privileged option. With this option, pppd will
603 use lines in the secrets files which have \fIname\fR as the second
604 field when looking for a secret to use in authenticating the peer. In
605 addition, unless overridden with the \fIuser\fR option, \fIname\fR
606 will be used as the name to send to the peer when authenticating the
607 local system to the peer. (Note that pppd does not append the domain
611 Set the interface netmask to \fIn\fR, a 32 bit netmask in "decimal dot"
612 notation (e.g. 255.255.255.0). If this option is given, the value
613 specified is ORed with the default netmask. The default netmask is
614 chosen based on the negotiated remote IP address; it is the
615 appropriate network mask for the class of the remote IP address, ORed
616 with the netmasks for any non point-to-point network interfaces in the
617 system which are on the same network. (Note: on some platforms, pppd
618 will always use 255.255.255.255 for the netmask, if that is the only
619 appropriate value for a point-to-point interface.)
622 Disable Address/Control compression in both directions (send and
626 Do not require the peer to authenticate itself. This option is
630 Disables BSD-Compress compression; \fBpppd\fR will not request or
631 agree to compress packets using the BSD-Compress scheme.
634 Disable CCP (Compression Control Protocol) negotiation. This option
635 should only be required if the peer is buggy and gets confused by
636 requests from pppd for CCP negotiation.
639 Disable hardware flow control (i.e. RTS/CTS) on the serial port.
640 If neither the \fIcrtscts\fR nor the \fInocrtscts\fR nor the
641 \fIcdtrcts\fR nor the \fInocdtrcts\fR option is given, the hardware
642 flow control setting for the serial port is left unchanged.
645 This option is a synonym for \fInocrtscts\fR. Either of these options will
646 disable both forms of hardware flow control.
649 Disable the \fIdefaultroute\fR option. The system administrator who
650 wishes to prevent users from creating default routes with pppd
651 can do so by placing this option in the /etc/ppp/options file.
654 Disables Deflate compression; pppd will not request or agree to
655 compress packets using the Deflate scheme.
658 Don't detach from the controlling terminal. Without this option, if a
659 serial device other than the terminal on the standard input is
660 specified, pppd will fork to become a background process.
663 Disables pppd from sending an endpoint discriminator to the peer or
664 accepting one from the peer (see the MULTILINK section below). This
665 option should only be required if the peer is buggy.
668 Disable IPCP negotiation and IP communication. This option should
669 only be required if the peer is buggy and gets confused by requests
670 from pppd for IPCP negotiation.
673 Disable IPv6CP negotiation and IPv6 communication. This option should
674 only be required if the peer is buggy and gets confused by requests
675 from pppd for IPv6CP negotiation.
678 Disables the default behaviour when no local IP address is specified,
679 which is to determine (if possible) the local IP address from the
680 hostname. With this option, the peer will have to supply the local IP
681 address during IPCP negotiation (unless it specified explicitly on the
682 command line or in an options file).
685 Disable the IPXCP and IPX protocols. This option should only be
686 required if the peer is buggy and gets confused by requests from pppd
687 for IPXCP negotiation.
690 Opposite of the \fIktune\fR option; disables pppd from changing system
694 Do not send log messages to a file or file descriptor. This option
695 cancels the \fBlogfd\fR and \fBlogfile\fR options.
698 Disable magic number negotiation. With this option, pppd cannot
699 detect a looped-back line. This option should only be needed if the
703 Disables the use of PPP multilink. This option is currently only
704 available under Linux.
707 Disables the use of short (12-bit) sequence numbers in the PPP
708 multilink protocol, forcing the use of 24-bit sequence numbers. This
709 option is currently only available under Linux, and only has any
710 effect if multilink is enabled.
713 Disables the use of PPP multilink. This option is currently only
714 available under Linux.
717 Disable protocol field compression negotiation in both the receive and
718 the transmit direction.
721 Exit once a connection has been made and terminated. This is the
722 default unless the \fIpersist\fR or \fIdemand\fR option has been
726 Do not accept or agree to Predictor-1 compression.
729 Disable the \fIproxyarp\fR option. The system administrator who
730 wishes to prevent users from creating proxy ARP entries with pppd can
731 do so by placing this option in the /etc/ppp/options file.
734 Normally, pppd requires a terminal device. With this option, pppd
735 will allocate itself a pseudo-tty master/slave pair and use the slave
736 as its terminal device. Pppd will create a child process to act as a
737 `character shunt' to transfer characters between the pseudo-tty master
738 and its standard input and output. Thus pppd will transmit characters
739 on its standard output and receive characters on its standard input
740 even if they are not terminal devices. This option increases the
741 latency and CPU overhead of transferring data over the ppp interface
742 as all of the characters sent and received must flow through the
743 character shunt process. An explicit device name may not be given if
747 Disable Van Jacobson style TCP/IP header compression in both the
748 transmit and the receive direction.
751 Disable the connection-ID compression option in Van Jacobson style
752 TCP/IP header compression. With this option, pppd will not omit the
753 connection-ID byte from Van Jacobson compressed TCP/IP headers, nor
754 ask the peer to do so.
757 Indicates that all secrets in the /etc/ppp/pap-secrets file which are
758 used for checking the identity of the peer are encrypted, and thus
759 pppd should not accept a password which, before encryption, is
760 identical to the secret from the /etc/ppp/pap-secrets file.
762 .B pap-max-authreq \fIn
763 Set the maximum number of PAP authenticate-request transmissions to
764 \fIn\fR (default 10).
767 Set the PAP restart interval (retransmission timeout) to \fIn\fR
771 Set the maximum time that pppd will wait for the peer to authenticate
772 itself with PAP to \fIn\fR seconds (0 means no limit).
774 .B pass-filter \fIfilter-expression
775 Specifies a packet filter to applied to data packets being sent or
776 received to determine which packets should be allowed to pass.
777 Packets which are rejected by the filter are silently discarded. This
778 option can be used to prevent specific network daemons (such as
779 routed) using up link bandwidth, or to provide a basic firewall
781 The \fIfilter-expression\fR syntax is as described for tcpdump(1),
782 except that qualifiers which are inappropriate for a PPP link, such as
783 \fBether\fR and \fBarp\fR, are not permitted. Generally the filter
784 expression should be enclosed in single-quotes to prevent whitespace
785 in the expression from being interpreted by the shell. Note that it
786 is possible to apply different constraints to incoming and outgoing
787 packets using the \fBinbound\fR and \fBoutbound\fR qualifiers. This
788 option is currently only available under NetBSD, and then only if both
789 the kernel and pppd were compiled with PPP_FILTER defined.
792 Do not exit after a connection is terminated; instead try to reopen
793 the connection. The \fBmaxfail\fR option still has an effect on
794 persistent connections.
796 .B plugin \fIfilename
797 Load the shared library object file \fIfilename\fR as a plugin. This
798 is a privileged option. If \fIfilename\fR does not contain a slash
799 (/), pppd will look in the \fB/usr/lib/pppd/\fIversion\fR directory
800 for the plugin, where
801 \fIversion\fR is the version number of pppd (for example, 2.4.2).
804 Request that the peer compress frames that it sends using Predictor-1
805 compression, and agree to compress transmitted frames with Predictor-1
806 if requested. This option has no effect unless the kernel driver
807 supports Predictor-1 compression.
809 .B privgroup \fIgroup-name
810 Allows members of group \fIgroup-name\fR to use privileged options.
811 This is a privileged option. Use of this option requires care as
812 there is no guarantee that members of \fIgroup-name\fR cannot use pppd
813 to become root themselves. Consider it equivalent to putting the
814 members of \fIgroup-name\fR in the kmem or disk group.
817 Add an entry to this system's ARP [Address Resolution Protocol] table
818 with the IP address of the peer and the Ethernet address of this
819 system. This will have the effect of making the peer appear to other
820 systems to be on the local ethernet.
823 Specifies that the command \fIscript\fR is to be used to communicate
824 rather than a specific terminal device. Pppd will allocate itself a
825 pseudo-tty master/slave pair and use the slave as its terminal
826 device. The \fIscript\fR will be run in a child process with the
827 pseudo-tty master as its standard input and output. An explicit
828 device name may not be given if this option is used. (Note: if the
829 \fIrecord\fR option is used in conjuction with the \fIpty\fR option,
830 the child process will have pipes on its standard input and output.)
833 With this option, pppd will accept all control characters from the
834 peer, including those marked in the receive asyncmap. Without this
835 option, pppd will discard those characters as specified in RFC1662.
836 This option should only be needed if the peer is buggy.
838 .B record \fIfilename
839 Specifies that pppd should record all characters sent and received to
840 a file named \fIfilename\fR. This file is opened in append mode,
841 using the user's user-ID and permissions. This option is implemented
842 using a pseudo-tty and a process to transfer characters between the
843 pseudo-tty and the real serial device, so it will increase the latency
844 and CPU overhead of transferring data over the ppp interface. The
845 characters are stored in a tagged format with timestamps, which can be
846 displayed in readable form using the pppdump(8) program.
848 .B remotename \fIname
849 Set the assumed name of the remote system for authentication purposes
853 With this option, pppd will not agree to authenticate itself to the
857 With this option, pppd will not agree to authenticate itself to the
861 Require the peer to authenticate itself using CHAP [Challenge
862 Handshake Authentication Protocol] authentication.
865 Require the peer to authenticate itself using PAP [Password
866 Authentication Protocol] authentication.
869 When logging the contents of PAP packets, this option causes pppd to
870 show the password string in the log message.
873 With this option, pppd will not transmit LCP packets to initiate a
874 connection until a valid LCP packet is received from the peer (as for
875 the `passive' option with ancient versions of pppd).
878 Use synchronous HDLC serial encoding instead of asynchronous.
879 The device used by pppd with this option must have sync support.
880 Currently supports Microgate SyncLink adapters
881 under Linux and FreeBSD 2.2.8 and later.
884 With this option, pppd will detach from its controlling terminal once
885 it has successfully established the ppp connection (to the point where
886 the first network control protocol, usually the IP control protocol,
890 Enforce the use of the hostname (with domain name appended, if given)
891 as the name of the local system for authentication purposes (overrides
892 the \fIname\fR option). This option is not normally needed since the
893 \fIname\fR option is privileged.
896 Ask the peer for up to 2 DNS server addresses. The addresses supplied
897 by the peer (if any) are passed to the /etc/ppp/ip-up script in the
898 environment variables DNS1 and DNS2. In addition, pppd will create an
899 /etc/ppp/resolv.conf file containing one or two nameserver lines with
900 the address(es) supplied by the peer.
903 Sets the name used for authenticating the local system to the peer to
907 Sets the number of connection slots to be used by the Van Jacobson
908 TCP/IP header compression and decompression code to \fIn\fR, which
909 must be between 2 and 16 (inclusive).
912 Run the executable or shell command specified by \fIscript\fR before
913 initiating PPP negotiation, after the connect script (if any) has
914 completed. A value for this option from a privileged source cannot be
915 overridden by a non-privileged user.
918 Use software flow control (i.e. XON/XOFF) to control the flow of data on
921 Options can be taken from files as well as the command line. Pppd
922 reads options from the files /etc/ppp/options, ~/.ppprc and
923 /etc/ppp/options.\fIttyname\fR (in that order) before processing the
924 options on the command line. (In fact, the command-line options are
925 scanned to find the terminal name before the options.\fIttyname\fR
926 file is read.) In forming the name of the options.\fIttyname\fR file,
927 the initial /dev/ is removed from the terminal name, and any remaining
928 / characters are replaced with dots.
930 An options file is parsed into a series of words, delimited by
931 whitespace. Whitespace can be included in a word by enclosing the
932 word in double-quotes ("). A backslash (\\) quotes the following character.
933 A hash (#) starts a comment, which continues until the end of the
934 line. There is no restriction on using the \fIfile\fR or \fIcall\fR
935 options within an options file.
938 provides system administrators with sufficient access control that PPP
939 access to a server machine can be provided to legitimate users without
940 fear of compromising the security of the server or the network it's
941 on. This control is provided through restrictions on which IP
942 addresses the peer may use, based on its authenticated identity (if
943 any), and through restrictions on which options a non-privileged user
944 may use. Several of pppd's options are privileged, in particular
945 those which permit potentially insecure configurations; these options
946 are only accepted in files which are under the control of the system
947 administrator, or if pppd is being run by root.
949 The default behaviour of pppd is to allow an unauthenticated peer to
950 use a given IP address only if the system does not already have a
951 route to that IP address. For example, a system with a
952 permanent connection to the wider internet will normally have a
953 default route, and thus all peers will have to authenticate themselves
954 in order to set up a connection. On such a system, the \fIauth\fR
955 option is the default. On the other hand, a system where the
956 PPP link is the only connection to the internet will not normally have
957 a default route, so the peer will be able to use almost any IP address
958 without authenticating itself.
960 As indicated above, some security-sensitive options are privileged,
961 which means that they may not be used by an ordinary non-privileged
962 user running a setuid-root pppd, either on the command line, in the
963 user's ~/.ppprc file, or in an options file read using the \fIfile\fR
964 option. Privileged options may be used in /etc/ppp/options file or in
965 an options file read using the \fIcall\fR option. If pppd is being
966 run by the root user, privileged options can be used without
969 When opening the device, pppd uses either the invoking user's user ID
970 or the root UID (that is, 0), depending on whether the device name was
971 specified by the user or the system administrator. If the device name
972 comes from a privileged source, that is, /etc/ppp/options or an
973 options file read using the \fIcall\fR option, pppd uses full root
974 privileges when opening the device. Thus, by creating an appropriate
975 file under /etc/ppp/peers, the system administrator can allow users to
976 establish a ppp connection via a device which they would not normally
977 have permission to access. Otherwise pppd uses the invoking user's
978 real UID when opening the device.
980 Authentication is the process whereby one peer convinces the other of
981 its identity. This involves the first peer sending its name to the
982 other, together with some kind of secret information which could only
983 come from the genuine authorized user of that name. In such an
984 exchange, we will call the first peer the "client" and the other the
985 "server". The client has a name by which it identifies itself to the
986 server, and the server also has a name by which it identifies itself
987 to the client. Generally the genuine client shares some secret (or
988 password) with the server, and authenticates itself by proving that it
989 knows that secret. Very often, the names used for authentication
990 correspond to the internet hostnames of the peers, but this is not
993 At present, pppd supports two authentication protocols: the Password
994 Authentication Protocol (PAP) and the Challenge Handshake
995 Authentication Protocol (CHAP). PAP involves the client sending its
996 name and a cleartext password to the server to authenticate itself.
997 In contrast, the server initiates the CHAP authentication exchange by
998 sending a challenge to the client (the challenge packet includes the
999 server's name). The client must respond with a response which
1000 includes its name plus a hash value derived from the shared secret and
1001 the challenge, in order to prove that it knows the secret.
1003 The PPP protocol, being symmetrical, allows both peers to require the
1004 other to authenticate itself. In that case, two separate and
1005 independent authentication exchanges will occur. The two exchanges
1006 could use different authentication protocols, and in principle,
1007 different names could be used in the two exchanges.
1009 The default behaviour of pppd is to agree to authenticate if
1010 requested, and to not require authentication from the peer. However,
1011 pppd will not agree to authenticate itself with a particular protocol
1012 if it has no secrets which could be used to do so.
1014 Pppd stores secrets for use in authentication in secrets
1015 files (/etc/ppp/pap-secrets for PAP, /etc/ppp/chap-secrets for CHAP).
1016 Both secrets files have the same format. The secrets files can
1017 contain secrets for pppd to use in authenticating itself to other
1018 systems, as well as secrets for pppd to use when authenticating other
1021 Each line in a secrets file contains one secret. A given secret is
1022 specific to a particular combination of client and server - it can
1023 only be used by that client to authenticate itself to that server.
1024 Thus each line in a secrets file has at least 3 fields: the name of
1025 the client, the name of the server, and the secret. These fields may
1026 be followed by a list of the IP addresses that the specified client
1027 may use when connecting to the specified server.
1029 A secrets file is parsed into words as for a options file, so the
1030 client name, server name and secrets fields must each be one word,
1031 with any embedded spaces or other special characters quoted or
1032 escaped. Note that case is significant in the client and server names
1035 If the secret starts with an `@', what follows is assumed to be the
1036 name of a file from which to read the secret. A "*" as the client or
1037 server name matches any name. When selecting a secret, pppd takes the
1038 best match, i.e. the match with the fewest wildcards.
1040 Any following words on the same line are taken to be a list of
1041 acceptable IP addresses for that client. If there are only 3 words on
1042 the line, or if the first word is "-", then all IP addresses are
1043 disallowed. To allow any address, use "*". A word starting with "!"
1044 indicates that the specified address is \fInot\fR acceptable. An
1045 address may be followed by "/" and a number \fIn\fR, to indicate a
1046 whole subnet, i.e. all addresses which have the same value in the most
1047 significant \fIn\fR bits. In this form, the address may be followed
1048 by a plus sign ("+") to indicate that one address from the subnet is
1049 authorized, based on the ppp network interface unit number in use.
1050 In this case, the host part of the address will be set to the unit
1053 Thus a secrets file contains both secrets for use in authenticating
1054 other hosts, plus secrets which we use for authenticating ourselves to
1055 others. When pppd is authenticating the peer (checking the peer's
1056 identity), it chooses a secret with the peer's name in the first
1057 field and the name of the local system in the second field. The
1058 name of the local system defaults to the hostname, with the domain
1059 name appended if the \fIdomain\fR option is used. This default can be
1060 overridden with the \fIname\fR option, except when the
1061 \fIusehostname\fR option is used.
1063 When pppd is choosing a secret to use in authenticating itself to the
1064 peer, it first determines what name it is going to use to identify
1065 itself to the peer. This name can be specified by the user with the
1066 \fIuser\fR option. If this option is not used, the name defaults to
1067 the name of the local system, determined as described in the previous
1068 paragraph. Then pppd looks for a secret with this name in the first
1069 field and the peer's name in the second field. Pppd will know the
1070 name of the peer if CHAP authentication is being used, because the
1071 peer will have sent it in the challenge packet. However, if PAP is being
1072 used, pppd will have to determine the peer's name from the options
1073 specified by the user. The user can specify the peer's name directly
1074 with the \fIremotename\fR option. Otherwise, if the remote IP address
1075 was specified by a name (rather than in numeric form), that name will
1076 be used as the peer's name. Failing that, pppd will use the null
1077 string as the peer's name.
1079 When authenticating the peer with PAP, the supplied password is first
1080 compared with the secret from the secrets file. If the password
1081 doesn't match the secret, the password is encrypted using crypt() and
1082 checked against the secret again. Thus secrets for authenticating the
1083 peer can be stored in encrypted form if desired. If the
1084 \fIpapcrypt\fR option is given, the first (unencrypted) comparison is
1085 omitted, for better security.
1087 Furthermore, if the \fIlogin\fR option was specified, the username and
1088 password are also checked against the system password database. Thus,
1089 the system administrator can set up the pap-secrets file to allow PPP
1090 access only to certain users, and to restrict the set of IP addresses
1091 that each user can use. Typically, when using the \fIlogin\fR option,
1092 the secret in /etc/ppp/pap-secrets would be "", which will match any
1093 password supplied by the peer. This avoids the need to have the same
1094 secret in two places.
1096 Authentication must be satisfactorily completed before IPCP (or any
1097 other Network Control Protocol) can be started. If the peer is
1098 required to authenticate itself, and fails to do so, pppd will
1099 terminated the link (by closing LCP). If IPCP negotiates an
1100 unacceptable IP address for the remote host, IPCP will be closed. IP
1101 packets can only be sent or received when IPCP is open.
1103 In some cases it is desirable to allow some hosts which can't
1104 authenticate themselves to connect and use one of a restricted set of
1105 IP addresses, even when the local host generally requires
1106 authentication. If the peer refuses to authenticate itself when
1107 requested, pppd takes that as equivalent to authenticating with PAP
1108 using the empty string for the username and password. Thus, by adding
1109 a line to the pap-secrets file which specifies the empty string for
1110 the client and password, it is possible to allow restricted access to
1111 hosts which refuse to authenticate themselves.
1114 When IPCP negotiation is completed successfully, pppd will inform the
1115 kernel of the local and remote IP addresses for the ppp interface.
1116 This is sufficient to create a host route to the remote end of the
1117 link, which will enable the peers to exchange IP packets.
1118 Communication with other machines generally requires further
1119 modification to routing tables and/or ARP (Address Resolution
1120 Protocol) tables. In most cases the \fIdefaultroute\fR and/or
1121 \fIproxyarp\fR options are sufficient for this, but in some cases
1122 further intervention is required. The /etc/ppp/ip-up script can be
1125 Sometimes it is desirable to add a default route through the remote
1126 host, as in the case of a machine whose only connection to the
1127 Internet is through the ppp interface. The \fIdefaultroute\fR option
1128 causes pppd to create such a default route when IPCP comes up, and
1129 delete it when the link is terminated.
1131 In some cases it is desirable to use proxy ARP, for example on a
1132 server machine connected to a LAN, in order to allow other hosts to
1133 communicate with the remote host. The \fIproxyarp\fR option causes
1134 pppd to look for a network interface on the same subnet as the remote
1135 host (an interface supporting broadcast and ARP, which is up and not a
1136 point-to-point or loopback interface). If found, pppd creates a
1137 permanent, published ARP entry with the IP address of the remote host
1138 and the hardware address of the network interface found.
1140 When the \fIdemand\fR option is used, the interface IP addresses have
1141 already been set at the point when IPCP comes up. If pppd has not
1142 been able to negotiate the same addresses that it used to configure
1143 the interface (for example when the peer is an ISP that uses dynamic
1144 IP address assignment), pppd has to change the interface IP addresses
1145 to the negotiated addresses. This may disrupt existing connections,
1146 and the use of demand dialling with peers that do dynamic IP address
1147 assignment is not recommended.
1149 Multilink PPP provides the capability to combine two or more PPP links
1150 between a pair of machines into a single `bundle', which appears as a
1151 single virtual PPP link which has the combined bandwidth of the
1152 individual links. Currently, multilink PPP is only supported under
1155 Pppd detects that the link it is controlling is connected to the same
1156 peer as another link using the peer's endpoint discriminator and the
1157 authenticated identity of the peer (if it authenticates itself). The
1158 endpoint discriminator is a block of data which is hopefully unique
1159 for each peer. Several types of data can be used, including
1160 locally-assigned strings of bytes, IP addresses, MAC addresses,
1161 randomly strings of bytes, or E-164 phone numbers. The endpoint
1162 discriminator sent to the peer by pppd can be set using the endpoint
1165 In circumstances the peer may send no endpoint discriminator or a
1166 non-unique value. The optional bundle option adds an extra string
1167 which is added to the peer's endpoint discriminator and authenticated
1168 identity when matching up links to be joined together in a bundle.
1169 The bundle option can also be used to allow the establishment of
1170 multiple bundles between the local system and the peer. Pppd uses a
1171 TDB database in /var/run/pppd.tdb to match up links.
1173 Assuming that multilink is enabled and the peer is willing to
1174 negotiate multilink, then when pppd is invoked to bring up the first
1175 link to the peer, it will detect that no other link is connected to
1176 the peer and create a new bundle, that is, another ppp network
1177 interface unit. When another pppd is invoked to bring up another link
1178 to the peer, it will detect the existing bundle and join its link to
1179 it. Currently, if the first pppd terminates (for example, because of
1180 a hangup or a received signal) the bundle is destroyed.
1183 The following examples assume that the /etc/ppp/options file contains
1184 the \fIauth\fR option (as in the default /etc/ppp/options file in the
1187 Probably the most common use of pppd is to dial out to an ISP. This
1188 can be done with a command such as
1192 where the /etc/ppp/peers/isp file is set up by the system
1193 administrator to contain something like this:
1197 connect '/usr/sbin/chat -v -f /etc/ppp/chat-isp'
1201 In this example, we are using chat to dial the ISP's modem and go
1202 through any logon sequence required. The /etc/ppp/chat-isp file
1203 contains the script used by chat; it could for example contain
1204 something like this:
1216 ABORT "Username/Password Incorrect"
1224 "name:" "^Umyuserid"
1226 "word:" "\\qmypassword"
1232 See the chat(8) man page for details of chat scripts.
1234 Pppd can also be used to provide a dial-in ppp service for users. If
1235 the users already have login accounts, the simplest way to set up the
1236 ppp service is to let the users log in to their accounts and run pppd
1237 (installed setuid-root) with a command such as
1241 To allow a user to use the PPP facilities, you need to allocate an IP
1242 address for that user's machine and create an entry in
1243 /etc/ppp/pap-secrets or /etc/ppp/chap-secrets (depending on which
1244 authentication method the PPP implementation on the user's machine
1245 supports), so that the user's
1246 machine can authenticate itself. For example, if Joe has a machine
1247 called "joespc" which is to be allowed to dial in to the machine
1248 called "server" and use the IP address joespc.my.net, you would add an
1249 entry like this to /etc/ppp/pap-secrets or /etc/ppp/chap-secrets:
1251 joespc server "joe's secret" joespc.my.net
1253 Alternatively, you can create a username called (for example) "ppp",
1254 whose login shell is pppd and whose home directory is /etc/ppp.
1255 Options to be used when pppd is run this way can be put in
1258 If your serial connection is any more complicated than a piece of
1259 wire, you may need to arrange for some control characters to be
1260 escaped. In particular, it is often useful to escape XON (^Q) and
1261 XOFF (^S), using \fIasyncmap a0000\fR. If the path includes a telnet,
1262 you probably should escape ^] as well (\fIasyncmap 200a0000\fR). If
1263 the path includes an rlogin, you will need to use the \fIescape ff\fR
1264 option on the end which is running the rlogin client, since many
1265 rlogin implementations are not transparent; they will remove the
1266 sequence [0xff, 0xff, 0x73, 0x73, followed by any 8 bytes] from the
1270 Messages are sent to the syslog daemon using facility LOG_DAEMON.
1271 (This can be overriden by recompiling pppd with the macro
1272 LOG_PPP defined as the desired facility.) In order to see the error
1273 and debug messages, you will need to edit your /etc/syslog.conf file
1274 to direct the messages to the desired output device or file.
1276 The \fIdebug\fR option causes the contents of all control packets sent
1277 or received to be logged, that is, all LCP, PAP, CHAP or IPCP packets.
1278 This can be useful if the PPP negotiation does not succeed or if
1279 authentication fails.
1280 If debugging is enabled at compile time, the \fIdebug\fR option also
1281 causes other debugging messages to be logged.
1283 Debugging can also be enabled or disabled by sending a SIGUSR1 signal
1284 to the pppd process. This signal acts as a toggle.
1286 The exit status of pppd is set to indicate whether any error was
1287 detected, or the reason for the link being terminated. The values
1291 Pppd has detached, or otherwise the connection was successfully
1292 established and terminated at the peer's request.
1295 An immediately fatal error of some kind occurred, such as an essential
1296 system call failing, or running out of virtual memory.
1299 An error was detected in processing the options given, such as two
1300 mutually exclusive options being used.
1303 Pppd is not setuid-root and the invoking user is not root.
1306 The kernel does not support PPP, for example, the PPP kernel driver is
1307 not included or cannot be loaded.
1310 Pppd terminated because it was sent a SIGINT, SIGTERM or SIGHUP
1314 The serial port could not be locked.
1317 The serial port could not be opened.
1320 The connect script failed (returned a non-zero exit status).
1323 The command specified as the argument to the \fIpty\fR option could
1327 The PPP negotiation failed, that is, it didn't reach the point where
1328 at least one network protocol (e.g. IP) was running.
1331 The peer system failed (or refused) to authenticate itself.
1334 The link was established successfully and terminated because it was
1338 The link was established successfully and terminated because the
1339 connect time limit was reached.
1342 Callback was negotiated and an incoming call should arrive shortly.
1345 The link was terminated because the peer is not responding to echo
1349 The link was terminated by the modem hanging up.
1352 The PPP negotiation failed because serial loopback was detected.
1355 The init script failed (returned a non-zero exit status).
1358 We failed to authenticate ourselves to the peer.
1360 Pppd invokes scripts at various stages in its processing which can be
1361 used to perform site-specific ancillary processing. These scripts are
1362 usually shell scripts, but could be executable code files instead.
1363 Pppd does not wait for the scripts to finish. The scripts are
1364 executed as root (with the real and effective user-id set to 0), so
1365 that they can do things such as update routing tables or run
1366 privileged daemons. Be careful that the contents of these scripts do
1367 not compromise your system's security. Pppd runs the scripts with
1368 standard input, output and error redirected to /dev/null, and with an
1369 environment that is empty except for some environment variables that
1370 give information about the link. The environment variables that pppd
1374 The name of the serial tty device being used.
1377 The name of the network interface being used.
1380 The IP address for the local end of the link. This is only set when
1384 The IP address for the remote end of the link. This is only set when
1388 The authenticated name of the peer. This is only set if the peer
1389 authenticates itself.
1392 The baud rate of the tty device.
1395 The real user-id of the user who invoked pppd.
1398 The username of the real user-id that invoked pppd. This is always set.
1400 For the ip-down and auth-down scripts, pppd also sets the following
1401 variables giving statistics for the connection:
1404 The number of seconds from when the PPP negotiation started until the
1405 connection was terminated.
1408 The number of bytes sent (at the level of the serial port) during the
1412 The number of bytes received (at the level of the serial port) during
1416 The logical name of the link, set with the \fIlinkname\fR option.
1418 Pppd invokes the following scripts, if they exist. It is not an error
1419 if they don't exist.
1422 A program or script which is executed after the remote system
1423 successfully authenticates itself. It is executed with the parameters
1425 \fIinterface-name peer-name user-name tty-device speed\fR
1427 Note that this script is not executed if the peer doesn't authenticate
1428 itself, for example when the \fInoauth\fR option is used.
1430 .B /etc/ppp/auth-down
1431 A program or script which is executed when the link goes down, if
1432 /etc/ppp/auth-up was previously executed. It is executed in the same
1433 manner with the same parameters as /etc/ppp/auth-up.
1436 A program or script which is executed when the link is available for
1437 sending and receiving IP packets (that is, IPCP has come up). It is
1438 executed with the parameters
1440 \fIinterface-name tty-device speed local-IP-address
1441 remote-IP-address ipparam\fR
1444 A program or script which is executed when the link is no longer
1445 available for sending and receiving IP packets. This script can be
1446 used for undoing the effects of the /etc/ppp/ip-up script. It is
1447 invoked in the same manner and with the same parameters as the ip-up
1451 Like /etc/ppp/ip-up, except that it is executed when the link is available
1452 for sending and receiving IPv6 packets. It is executed with the parameters
1454 \fIinterface-name tty-device speed local-link-local-address
1455 remote-link-local-address ipparam\fR
1457 .B /etc/ppp/ipv6-down
1458 Similar to /etc/ppp/ip-down, but it is executed when IPv6 packets can no
1459 longer be transmitted on the link. It is executed with the same parameters
1460 as the ipv6-up script.
1463 A program or script which is executed when the link is available for
1464 sending and receiving IPX packets (that is, IPXCP has come up). It is
1465 executed with the parameters
1467 \fIinterface-name tty-device speed network-number local-IPX-node-address
1468 remote-IPX-node-address local-IPX-routing-protocol remote-IPX-routing-protocol
1469 local-IPX-router-name remote-IPX-router-name ipparam pppd-pid\fR
1471 The local-IPX-routing-protocol and remote-IPX-routing-protocol field
1472 may be one of the following:
1474 NONE to indicate that there is no routing protocol
1476 RIP to indicate that RIP/SAP should be used
1478 NLSP to indicate that Novell NLSP should be used
1480 RIP NLSP to indicate that both RIP/SAP and NLSP should be used
1482 .B /etc/ppp/ipx-down
1483 A program or script which is executed when the link is no longer
1484 available for sending and receiving IPX packets. This script can be
1485 used for undoing the effects of the /etc/ppp/ipx-up script. It is
1486 invoked in the same manner and with the same parameters as the ipx-up
1490 .B /var/run/ppp\fIn\fB.pid \fR(BSD or Linux), \fB/etc/ppp/ppp\fIn\fB.pid \fR(others)
1491 Process-ID for pppd process on ppp interface unit \fIn\fR.
1493 .B /var/run/ppp-\fIname\fB.pid \fR(BSD or Linux), \fB/etc/ppp/ppp-\fIname\fB.pid \fR(others)
1494 Process-ID for pppd process for logical link \fIname\fR (see the
1495 \fIlinkname\fR option).
1497 .B /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
1498 Usernames, passwords and IP addresses for PAP authentication. This
1499 file should be owned by root and not readable or writable by any other
1500 user. Pppd will log a warning if this is not the case.
1502 .B /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
1503 Names, secrets and IP addresses for CHAP authentication. As for
1504 /etc/ppp/pap-secrets, this file should be owned by root and not
1505 readable or writable by any other user. Pppd will log a warning if
1506 this is not the case.
1509 System default options for pppd, read before user default options or
1510 command-line options.
1513 User default options, read before /etc/ppp/options.\fIttyname\fR.
1515 .B /etc/ppp/options.\fIttyname
1516 System default options for the serial port being used, read after
1517 ~/.ppprc. In forming the \fIttyname\fR part of this
1518 filename, an initial /dev/ is stripped from the port name (if
1519 present), and any slashes in the remaining part are converted to
1523 A directory containing options files which may contain privileged
1524 options, even if pppd was invoked by a user other than root. The
1525 system administrator can create options files in this directory to
1526 permit non-privileged users to dial out without requiring the peer to
1527 authenticate, but only to certain trusted peers.
1532 \fICompressing TCP/IP headers for low-speed serial links.\fR
1537 .I The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm.
1542 .I PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP).
1546 Lloyd, B.; Simpson, W.A.
1547 .I PPP authentication protocols.
1552 .I The Point\-to\-Point Protocol (PPP).
1557 .I PPP in HDLC-like Framing.
1562 .I IP Version 6 over PPP
1565 The following signals have the specified effect when sent to pppd.
1568 These signals cause pppd to terminate the link (by closing LCP),
1569 restore the serial device settings, and exit.
1572 This signal causes pppd to terminate the link, restore the serial
1573 device settings, and close the serial device. If the \fIpersist\fR or
1574 \fIdemand\fR option has been specified, pppd will try to reopen the
1575 serial device and start another connection (after the holdoff period).
1576 Otherwise pppd will exit. If this signal is received during the
1577 holdoff period, it causes pppd to end the holdoff period immediately.
1580 This signal toggles the state of the \fIdebug\fR option.
1583 This signal causes pppd to renegotiate compression. This can be
1584 useful to re-enable compression after it has been disabled as a result
1585 of a fatal decompression error. (Fatal decompression errors generally
1586 indicate a bug in one or other implementation.)
1589 Paul Mackerras (Paul.Mackerras@cs.anu.edu.au), based on earlier work by
projects / ppp.git / blob