]> git.ozlabs.org Git - ccan/blobdiff - ccan/tdb2/free.c
jmap,likely,tdb2: use CCAN_<MODNAME>_DEBUG instead of DEBUG.
[ccan] / ccan / tdb2 / free.c
index df2792ecf19da0841e732bb764cdfd40bafa1880..ba14dfcd70747b8ad6789ba08487d30b91cbc6fc 100644 (file)
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static unsigned fls64(uint64_t val)
 }
 
 /* In which bucket would we find a particular record size? (ignoring header) */
-unsigned int size_to_bucket(unsigned int zone_bits, tdb_len_t data_len)
+unsigned int size_to_bucket(tdb_len_t data_len)
 {
        unsigned int bucket;
 
@@ -44,110 +44,82 @@ unsigned int size_to_bucket(unsigned int zone_bits, tdb_len_t data_len)
                bucket = fls64(data_len - TDB_MIN_DATA_LEN) + 2;
        }
 
-       if (unlikely(bucket > BUCKETS_FOR_ZONE(zone_bits)))
-               bucket = BUCKETS_FOR_ZONE(zone_bits);
+       if (unlikely(bucket >= TDB_FREE_BUCKETS))
+               bucket = TDB_FREE_BUCKETS - 1;
        return bucket;
 }
 
-/* Subtract 1-byte tailer and header.  Then round up to next power of 2. */
-static unsigned max_zone_bits(struct tdb_context *tdb)
+tdb_off_t first_ftable(struct tdb_context *tdb)
 {
-       return fls64(tdb->map_size-1-sizeof(struct tdb_header)-1) + 1;
+       return tdb_read_off(tdb, offsetof(struct tdb_header, free_table));
 }
 
-/* Start by using a random zone to spread the load: returns the offset. */
-static uint64_t random_zone(struct tdb_context *tdb)
+tdb_off_t next_ftable(struct tdb_context *tdb, tdb_off_t ftable)
 {
-       struct free_zone_header zhdr;
-       tdb_off_t off = sizeof(struct tdb_header);
-       tdb_len_t half_bits;
-       uint64_t randbits = 0;
-       unsigned int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < 64; i += fls64(RAND_MAX)) 
-               randbits ^= ((uint64_t)random()) << i;
-
-       /* FIXME: Does this work?  Test! */
-       half_bits = max_zone_bits(tdb) - 1;
-       do {
-               /* Pick left or right side (not outside file) */
-               if ((randbits & 1)
-                   && !tdb->methods->oob(tdb, off + (1ULL << half_bits)
-                                         + sizeof(zhdr), true)) {
-                       off += 1ULL << half_bits;
-               }
-               randbits >>= 1;
+       return tdb_read_off(tdb, ftable + offsetof(struct tdb_freetable,next));
+}
 
-               if (tdb_read_convert(tdb, off, &zhdr, sizeof(zhdr)) == -1) 
-                       return TDB_OFF_ERR;
+int tdb_ftable_init(struct tdb_context *tdb)
+{
+       /* Use reservoir sampling algorithm to select a free list at random. */
+       unsigned int rnd, max = 0, count = 0;
+       tdb_off_t off;
 
-               if (zhdr.zone_bits == half_bits)
-                       return off;
+       tdb->ftable_off = off = first_ftable(tdb);
+       tdb->ftable = 0;
 
-               half_bits--;
-       } while (half_bits >= INITIAL_ZONE_BITS);
+       while (off) {
+               if (off == TDB_OFF_ERR)
+                       return -1;
 
-       tdb->ecode = TDB_ERR_CORRUPT;
-       tdb->log(tdb, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL, tdb->log_priv,
-                "random_zone: zone at %llu smaller than %u bits?",
-                (long long)off, INITIAL_ZONE_BITS);
-       return TDB_OFF_ERR;
-}
+               rnd = random();
+               if (rnd >= max) {
+                       tdb->ftable_off = off;
+                       tdb->ftable = count;
+                       max = rnd;
+               }
 
-int tdb_zone_init(struct tdb_context *tdb)
-{
-       tdb->zone_off = random_zone(tdb);
-       if (tdb->zone_off == TDB_OFF_ERR)
-               return -1;
-       if (tdb_read_convert(tdb, tdb->zone_off,
-                            &tdb->zhdr, sizeof(tdb->zhdr)) == -1) 
-               return -1;
+               off = next_ftable(tdb, off);
+               count++;
+       }
        return 0;
 }
 
-/* Where's the header, given a zone size of 1 << zone_bits? */
-static tdb_off_t zone_off(tdb_off_t off, unsigned int zone_bits)
-{
-       off -= sizeof(struct tdb_header);
-       return (off & ~((1ULL << zone_bits) - 1)) + sizeof(struct tdb_header);
-}
-
 /* Offset of a given bucket. */
-/* FIXME: bucket can be "unsigned" everywhere, or even uint8/16. */
-tdb_off_t bucket_off(tdb_off_t zone_off, tdb_off_t bucket)
+tdb_off_t bucket_off(tdb_off_t ftable_off, unsigned bucket)
 {
-       return zone_off
-               + sizeof(struct free_zone_header)
+       return ftable_off + offsetof(struct tdb_freetable, buckets)
                + bucket * sizeof(tdb_off_t);
 }
 
 /* Returns free_buckets + 1, or list number to search. */
-static tdb_off_t find_free_head(struct tdb_context *tdb, tdb_off_t bucket)
+static tdb_off_t find_free_head(struct tdb_context *tdb,
+                               tdb_off_t ftable_off,
+                               tdb_off_t bucket)
 {
        /* Speculatively search for a non-zero bucket. */
-       return tdb_find_nonzero_off(tdb, bucket_off(tdb->zone_off, 0),
-                                   bucket,
-                                   BUCKETS_FOR_ZONE(tdb->zhdr.zone_bits) + 1);
+       return tdb_find_nonzero_off(tdb, bucket_off(ftable_off, 0),
+                                   bucket, TDB_FREE_BUCKETS);
 }
 
 /* Remove from free bucket. */
 static int remove_from_list(struct tdb_context *tdb,
                            tdb_off_t b_off, tdb_off_t r_off,
-                           struct tdb_free_record *r)
+                           const struct tdb_free_record *r)
 {
        tdb_off_t off;
 
        /* Front of list? */
-       if (r->prev == 0) {
+       if (frec_prev(r) == 0) {
                off = b_off;
        } else {
-               off = r->prev + offsetof(struct tdb_free_record, next);
+               off = frec_prev(r) + offsetof(struct tdb_free_record, next);
        }
 
-#ifdef DEBUG
+#ifdef CCAN_TDB2_DEBUG
        if (tdb_read_off(tdb, off) != r_off) {
-               tdb->log(tdb, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL, tdb->log_priv,
-                        "remove_from_list: %llu bad prev in list %llu\n",
+               tdb_logerr(tdb, TDB_ERR_CORRUPT, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL,
+                        "remove_from_list: %llu bad prev in list %llu",
                         (long long)r_off, (long long)b_off);
                return -1;
        }
@@ -159,19 +131,19 @@ static int remove_from_list(struct tdb_context *tdb,
        }
 
        if (r->next != 0) {
-               off = r->next + offsetof(struct tdb_free_record, prev);
+               off = r->next + offsetof(struct tdb_free_record,magic_and_prev);
                /* r->next->prev = r->prev */
 
-#ifdef DEBUG
-               if (tdb_read_off(tdb, off) != r_off) {
-                       tdb->log(tdb, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL, tdb->log_priv,
-                                "remove_from_list: %llu bad list %llu\n",
-                                (long long)r_off, (long long)b_off);
+#ifdef CCAN_TDB2_DEBUG
+               if (tdb_read_off(tdb, off) & TDB_OFF_MASK != r_off) {
+                       tdb_logerr(tdb, TDB_ERR_CORRUPT, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL,
+                                  "remove_from_list: %llu bad list %llu",
+                                  (long long)r_off, (long long)b_off);
                        return -1;
                }
 #endif
 
-               if (tdb_write_off(tdb, off, r->prev)) {
+               if (tdb_write_off(tdb, off, r->magic_and_prev)) {
                        return -1;
                }
        }
@@ -182,72 +154,74 @@ static int remove_from_list(struct tdb_context *tdb,
 static int enqueue_in_free(struct tdb_context *tdb,
                           tdb_off_t b_off,
                           tdb_off_t off,
-                          struct tdb_free_record *new)
+                          tdb_len_t len)
 {
-       new->prev = 0;
+       struct tdb_free_record new;
+       uint64_t magic = (TDB_FREE_MAGIC << (64 - TDB_OFF_UPPER_STEAL));
+
+       /* We only need to set ftable_and_len; rest is set in enqueue_in_free */
+       new.ftable_and_len = ((uint64_t)tdb->ftable << (64 - TDB_OFF_UPPER_STEAL))
+               | len;
+       /* prev = 0. */
+       new.magic_and_prev = magic;
+
        /* new->next = head. */
-       new->next = tdb_read_off(tdb, b_off);
-       if (new->next == TDB_OFF_ERR)
+       new.next = tdb_read_off(tdb, b_off);
+       if (new.next == TDB_OFF_ERR)
                return -1;
 
-       if (new->next) {
-#ifdef DEBUG
+       if (new.next) {
+#ifdef CCAN_TDB2_DEBUG
                if (tdb_read_off(tdb,
-                                new->next
-                                + offsetof(struct tdb_free_record, prev))
-                   != 0) {
-                       tdb->log(tdb, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL, tdb->log_priv,
-                                "enqueue_in_free: %llu bad head prev %llu\n",
-                                (long long)new->next, (long long)b_off);
+                                new.next + offsetof(struct tdb_free_record,
+                                                    magic_and_prev))
+                   != magic) {
+                       tdb_logerr(tdb, TDB_ERR_CORRUPT, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL,
+                                  "enqueue_in_free: %llu bad head"
+                                  " prev %llu",
+                                  (long long)new.next, (long long)b_off);
                        return -1;
                }
 #endif
                /* next->prev = new. */
-               if (tdb_write_off(tdb, new->next
-                                 + offsetof(struct tdb_free_record, prev),
-                                 off) != 0)
+               if (tdb_write_off(tdb, new.next
+                                 + offsetof(struct tdb_free_record,
+                                            magic_and_prev),
+                                 off | magic) != 0)
                        return -1;
        }
        /* head = new */
        if (tdb_write_off(tdb, b_off, off) != 0)
                return -1;
 
-       return tdb_write_convert(tdb, off, new, sizeof(*new));
+       return tdb_write_convert(tdb, off, &new, sizeof(new));
 }
 
 /* List need not be locked. */
 int add_free_record(struct tdb_context *tdb,
-                   unsigned int zone_bits,
                    tdb_off_t off, tdb_len_t len_with_header)
 {
-       struct tdb_free_record new;
        tdb_off_t b_off;
+       tdb_len_t len;
        int ret;
 
-       assert(len_with_header >= sizeof(new));
-       assert(zone_bits < (1 << 6));
+       assert(len_with_header >= sizeof(struct tdb_free_record));
 
-       new.magic_and_meta = TDB_FREE_MAGIC | zone_bits;
-       new.data_len = len_with_header - sizeof(struct tdb_used_record);
+       len = len_with_header - sizeof(struct tdb_used_record);
 
-       b_off = bucket_off(zone_off(off, zone_bits),
-                          size_to_bucket(zone_bits, new.data_len));
+       b_off = bucket_off(tdb->ftable_off, size_to_bucket(len));
        if (tdb_lock_free_bucket(tdb, b_off, TDB_LOCK_WAIT) != 0)
                return -1;
 
-       ret = enqueue_in_free(tdb, b_off, off, &new);
+       ret = enqueue_in_free(tdb, b_off, off, len);
        tdb_unlock_free_bucket(tdb, b_off);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static size_t adjust_size(size_t keylen, size_t datalen, bool want_extra)
+static size_t adjust_size(size_t keylen, size_t datalen)
 {
        size_t size = keylen + datalen;
 
-       /* We want at least 50% growth for data. */
-       if (want_extra)
-               size += datalen/2;
-
        if (size < TDB_MIN_DATA_LEN)
                size = TDB_MIN_DATA_LEN;
 
@@ -261,96 +235,126 @@ static size_t record_leftover(size_t keylen, size_t datalen,
 {
        ssize_t leftover;
 
-       /* We might *want* extra, but not have it, so leftover is negative. */
-       leftover = total_len - adjust_size(keylen, datalen, want_extra);
-       if (leftover < (ssize_t)sizeof(struct tdb_free_record))
-               return 0;
+       if (want_extra)
+               datalen += datalen / 2;
+       leftover = total_len - adjust_size(keylen, datalen);
 
-       /* If we want extra anwyay, don't split unless we have 2x size. */
-       if (want_extra && leftover <= datalen / 2)
+       if (leftover < (ssize_t)sizeof(struct tdb_free_record))
                return 0;
 
        return leftover;
 }
 
+static tdb_off_t ftable_offset(struct tdb_context *tdb, unsigned int ftable)
+{
+       tdb_off_t off;
+       unsigned int i;
+
+       if (likely(tdb->ftable == ftable))
+               return tdb->ftable_off;
+
+       off = first_ftable(tdb);
+       for (i = 0; i < ftable; i++)
+               off = next_ftable(tdb, off);
+       return off;
+}
+
 /* Note: we unlock the current bucket if we coalesce or fail. */
 static int coalesce(struct tdb_context *tdb,
-                   tdb_off_t zone_off, unsigned zone_bits,
                    tdb_off_t off, tdb_off_t b_off, tdb_len_t data_len)
 {
-       struct tdb_free_record pad, *r;
-       tdb_off_t end = off + sizeof(struct tdb_used_record) + data_len;
+       tdb_off_t end;
+       struct tdb_free_record rec;
+
+       add_stat(tdb, alloc_coalesce_tried, 1);
+       end = off + sizeof(struct tdb_used_record) + data_len;
 
-       while (end < (zone_off + (1ULL << zone_bits))) {
+       while (end < tdb->map_size) {
+               const struct tdb_free_record *r;
                tdb_off_t nb_off;
+               unsigned ftable, bucket;
 
-               /* FIXME: do tdb_get here and below really win? */
-               r = tdb_get(tdb, end, &pad, sizeof(pad));
+               r = tdb_access_read(tdb, end, sizeof(*r), true);
                if (!r)
                        goto err;
 
-               if (frec_magic(r) != TDB_FREE_MAGIC)
+               if (frec_magic(r) != TDB_FREE_MAGIC
+                   || frec_ftable(r) == TDB_FTABLE_NONE) {
+                       tdb_access_release(tdb, r);
                        break;
+               }
 
-               nb_off = bucket_off(zone_off,
-                                   size_to_bucket(zone_bits, r->data_len));
+               ftable = frec_ftable(r);
+               bucket = size_to_bucket(frec_len(r));
+               nb_off = bucket_off(ftable_offset(tdb, ftable), bucket);
+               tdb_access_release(tdb, r);
 
                /* We may be violating lock order here, so best effort. */
-               if (tdb_lock_free_bucket(tdb, nb_off, TDB_LOCK_NOWAIT) == -1)
+               if (tdb_lock_free_bucket(tdb, nb_off, TDB_LOCK_NOWAIT) == -1) {
+                       add_stat(tdb, alloc_coalesce_lockfail, 1);
                        break;
+               }
 
                /* Now we have lock, re-check. */
-               r = tdb_get(tdb, end, &pad, sizeof(pad));
-               if (!r) {
+               if (tdb_read_convert(tdb, end, &rec, sizeof(rec))) {
                        tdb_unlock_free_bucket(tdb, nb_off);
                        goto err;
                }
 
-               if (unlikely(frec_magic(r) != TDB_FREE_MAGIC)) {
+               if (unlikely(frec_magic(&rec) != TDB_FREE_MAGIC)) {
+                       add_stat(tdb, alloc_coalesce_race, 1);
                        tdb_unlock_free_bucket(tdb, nb_off);
                        break;
                }
 
-               if (unlikely(bucket_off(zone_off,
-                                       size_to_bucket(zone_bits, r->data_len))
-                            != nb_off)) {
+               if (unlikely(frec_ftable(&rec) != ftable)
+                   || unlikely(size_to_bucket(frec_len(&rec)) != bucket)) {
+                       add_stat(tdb, alloc_coalesce_race, 1);
                        tdb_unlock_free_bucket(tdb, nb_off);
                        break;
                }
 
-               if (remove_from_list(tdb, nb_off, end, r) == -1) {
+               if (remove_from_list(tdb, nb_off, end, &rec) == -1) {
                        tdb_unlock_free_bucket(tdb, nb_off);
                        goto err;
                }
 
-               end += sizeof(struct tdb_used_record) + r->data_len;
+               end += sizeof(struct tdb_used_record) + frec_len(&rec);
                tdb_unlock_free_bucket(tdb, nb_off);
+               add_stat(tdb, alloc_coalesce_num_merged, 1);
        }
 
        /* Didn't find any adjacent free? */
        if (end == off + sizeof(struct tdb_used_record) + data_len)
                return 0;
 
-       /* OK, expand record */
-       r = tdb_get(tdb, off, &pad, sizeof(pad));
-       if (!r)
+       /* OK, expand initial record */
+       if (tdb_read_convert(tdb, off, &rec, sizeof(rec)))
                goto err;
 
-       if (r->data_len != data_len) {
-               tdb->ecode = TDB_ERR_CORRUPT;
-               tdb->log(tdb, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL, tdb->log_priv,
-                        "coalesce: expected data len %llu not %llu\n",
-                        (long long)data_len, (long long)r->data_len);
+       if (frec_len(&rec) != data_len) {
+               tdb_logerr(tdb, TDB_ERR_CORRUPT, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL,
+                          "coalesce: expected data len %zu not %zu",
+                          (size_t)data_len, (size_t)frec_len(&rec));
                goto err;
        }
 
-       if (remove_from_list(tdb, b_off, off, r) == -1)
+       if (remove_from_list(tdb, b_off, off, &rec) == -1)
+               goto err;
+
+       /* We have to drop this to avoid deadlocks, so make sure record
+        * doesn't get coalesced by someone else! */
+       rec.ftable_and_len = (TDB_FTABLE_NONE << (64 - TDB_OFF_UPPER_STEAL))
+               | (end - off - sizeof(struct tdb_used_record));
+       if (tdb_write_off(tdb, off + offsetof(struct tdb_free_record,
+                                             ftable_and_len),
+                         rec.ftable_and_len) != 0)
                goto err;
 
-       /* We have to drop this to avoid deadlocks. */
+       add_stat(tdb, alloc_coalesce_succeeded, 1);
        tdb_unlock_free_bucket(tdb, b_off);
 
-       if (add_free_record(tdb, zone_bits, off, end - off) == -1)
+       if (add_free_record(tdb, off, end - off) == -1)
                return -1;
        return 1;
 
@@ -362,30 +366,29 @@ err:
 
 /* We need size bytes to put our key and data in. */
 static tdb_off_t lock_and_alloc(struct tdb_context *tdb,
-                               tdb_off_t zone_off,
-                               unsigned zone_bits,
+                               tdb_off_t ftable_off,
                                tdb_off_t bucket,
                                size_t keylen, size_t datalen,
                                bool want_extra,
+                               unsigned magic,
                                unsigned hashlow)
 {
        tdb_off_t off, b_off,best_off;
-       struct tdb_free_record pad, best = { 0 }, *r;
+       struct tdb_free_record best = { 0 };
        double multiplier;
-       size_t size = keylen + datalen;
+       size_t size = adjust_size(keylen, datalen);
 
+       add_stat(tdb, allocs, 1);
 again:
-       b_off = bucket_off(zone_off, bucket);
+       b_off = bucket_off(ftable_off, bucket);
 
-       /* FIXME: Try non-blocking wait first, to measure contention.
-        * If we're contented, try switching zones, and don't enlarge zone
-        * next time (we want more zones). */
+       /* FIXME: Try non-blocking wait first, to measure contention. */
        /* Lock this bucket. */
        if (tdb_lock_free_bucket(tdb, b_off, TDB_LOCK_WAIT) == -1) {
                return TDB_OFF_ERR;
        }
 
-       best.data_len = -1ULL;
+       best.ftable_and_len = -1ULL;
        best_off = 0;
 
        /* Get slack if we're after extra. */
@@ -401,31 +404,40 @@ again:
                goto unlock_err;
 
        while (off) {
-               /* FIXME: Does tdb_get win anything here? */
-               r = tdb_get(tdb, off, &pad, sizeof(*r));
+               const struct tdb_free_record *r;
+               tdb_len_t len;
+               tdb_off_t next;
+
+               r = tdb_access_read(tdb, off, sizeof(*r), true);
                if (!r)
                        goto unlock_err;
 
                if (frec_magic(r) != TDB_FREE_MAGIC) {
-                       tdb->log(tdb, TDB_DEBUG_ERROR, tdb->log_priv,
-                                "lock_and_alloc: %llu non-free 0x%llx\n",
-                                (long long)off, (long long)r->magic_and_meta);
+                       tdb_access_release(tdb, r);
+                       tdb_logerr(tdb, TDB_ERR_CORRUPT, TDB_DEBUG_FATAL,
+                                "lock_and_alloc: %llu non-free 0x%llx",
+                                (long long)off, (long long)r->magic_and_prev);
                        goto unlock_err;
                }
 
-               if (r->data_len >= size && r->data_len < best.data_len) {
+               if (frec_len(r) >= size && frec_len(r) < frec_len(&best)) {
                        best_off = off;
                        best = *r;
                }
 
-               if (best.data_len < size * multiplier && best_off)
+               if (frec_len(&best) < size * multiplier && best_off) {
+                       tdb_access_release(tdb, r);
                        break;
+               }
 
                multiplier *= 1.01;
 
+               next = r->next;
+               len = frec_len(r);
+               tdb_access_release(tdb, r);
+
                /* Since we're going slow anyway, try coalescing here. */
-               switch (coalesce(tdb, zone_off, zone_bits, off, b_off,
-                                r->data_len)) {
+               switch (coalesce(tdb, off, b_off, len)) {
                case -1:
                        /* This has already unlocked on error. */
                        return -1;
@@ -433,7 +445,7 @@ again:
                        /* This has unlocked list, restart. */
                        goto again;
                }
-               off = r->next;
+               off = next;
        }
 
        /* If we found anything at all, use it. */
@@ -446,27 +458,30 @@ again:
                        goto unlock_err;
 
                leftover = record_leftover(keylen, datalen, want_extra,
-                                          best.data_len);
+                                          frec_len(&best));
 
+               assert(keylen + datalen + leftover <= frec_len(&best));
                /* We need to mark non-free before we drop lock, otherwise
                 * coalesce() could try to merge it! */
-               if (set_header(tdb, &rec, keylen, datalen,
-                              best.data_len - leftover,
-                              hashlow, zone_bits) != 0)
+               if (set_header(tdb, &rec, magic, keylen, datalen,
+                              frec_len(&best) - leftover, hashlow) != 0)
                        goto unlock_err;
 
                if (tdb_write_convert(tdb, best_off, &rec, sizeof(rec)) != 0)
                        goto unlock_err;
 
-               tdb_unlock_free_bucket(tdb, b_off);
-
+               /* Bucket of leftover will be <= current bucket, so nested
+                * locking is allowed. */
                if (leftover) {
-                       if (add_free_record(tdb, zone_bits,
+                       add_stat(tdb, alloc_leftover, 1);
+                       if (add_free_record(tdb,
                                            best_off + sizeof(rec)
-                                           + best.data_len - leftover,
+                                           + frec_len(&best) - leftover,
                                            leftover))
-                               return TDB_OFF_ERR;
+                               best_off = TDB_OFF_ERR;
                }
+               tdb_unlock_free_bucket(tdb, b_off);
+
                return best_off;
        }
 
@@ -478,97 +493,82 @@ unlock_err:
        return TDB_OFF_ERR;
 }
 
-static bool next_zone(struct tdb_context *tdb)
-{
-       tdb_off_t next = tdb->zone_off + (1ULL << tdb->zhdr.zone_bits);
-
-       /* We must have a header. */
-       if (tdb->methods->oob(tdb, next + sizeof(tdb->zhdr), true))
-               return false;
-
-       tdb->zone_off = next;
-       return tdb_read_convert(tdb, next, &tdb->zhdr, sizeof(tdb->zhdr)) == 0;
-}
-
-/* Offset returned is within current zone (which it may alter). */
+/* Get a free block from current free list, or 0 if none. */
 static tdb_off_t get_free(struct tdb_context *tdb,
                          size_t keylen, size_t datalen, bool want_extra,
-                         unsigned hashlow)
+                         unsigned magic, unsigned hashlow)
 {
-       tdb_off_t start_zone = tdb->zone_off, off;
+       tdb_off_t off, ftable_off;
+       unsigned start_b, b, ftable;
        bool wrapped = false;
-       size_t size = adjust_size(keylen, datalen, want_extra);
 
        /* If they are growing, add 50% to get to higher bucket. */
        if (want_extra)
-               size += datalen / 2;
-
-       /* FIXME: If we don't get a hit in the first bucket we want,
-        * try changing zones for next time.  That should help wear
-        * zones evenly, so we don't need to search all of them before
-        * expanding. */
-       while (!wrapped || tdb->zone_off != start_zone) {
-               tdb_off_t b;
-
-               /* Shortcut for really huge allocations... */
-               if ((size >> tdb->zhdr.zone_bits) != 0)
-                       goto next;
+               start_b = size_to_bucket(adjust_size(keylen,
+                                                    datalen + datalen / 2));
+       else
+               start_b = size_to_bucket(adjust_size(keylen, datalen));
 
+       ftable_off = tdb->ftable_off;
+       ftable = tdb->ftable;
+       while (!wrapped || ftable_off != tdb->ftable_off) {
                /* Start at exact size bucket, and search up... */
-               b = size_to_bucket(tdb->zhdr.zone_bits, size);
-               for (b = find_free_head(tdb, b);
-                    b <= BUCKETS_FOR_ZONE(tdb->zhdr.zone_bits);
-                    b += find_free_head(tdb, b + 1)) {
+               for (b = find_free_head(tdb, ftable_off, start_b);
+                    b < TDB_FREE_BUCKETS;
+                    b = find_free_head(tdb, ftable_off, b + 1)) {
                        /* Try getting one from list. */
-                       off = lock_and_alloc(tdb, tdb->zone_off,
-                                            tdb->zhdr.zone_bits,
+                       off = lock_and_alloc(tdb, ftable_off,
                                             b, keylen, datalen, want_extra,
-                                            hashlow);
+                                            magic, hashlow);
                        if (off == TDB_OFF_ERR)
                                return TDB_OFF_ERR;
-                       if (off != 0)
+                       if (off != 0) {
+                               if (b == start_b)
+                                       add_stat(tdb, alloc_bucket_exact, 1);
+                               if (b == TDB_FREE_BUCKETS - 1)
+                                       add_stat(tdb, alloc_bucket_max, 1);
+                               /* Worked?  Stay using this list. */
+                               tdb->ftable_off = ftable_off;
+                               tdb->ftable = ftable;
                                return off;
+                       }
                        /* Didn't work.  Try next bucket. */
                }
 
-       next:
-               /* Didn't work, try next zone, if it exists. */
-               if (!next_zone(tdb)) {
+               /* Hmm, try next table. */
+               ftable_off = next_ftable(tdb, ftable_off);
+               ftable++;
+
+               if (ftable_off == 0) {
                        wrapped = true;
-                       tdb->zone_off = sizeof(struct tdb_header);
-                       if (tdb_read_convert(tdb, tdb->zone_off,
-                                            &tdb->zhdr, sizeof(tdb->zhdr))) {
-                               return TDB_OFF_ERR;
-                       }
+                       ftable_off = first_ftable(tdb);
+                       ftable = 0;
                }
        }
+
        return 0;
 }
 
 int set_header(struct tdb_context *tdb,
               struct tdb_used_record *rec,
-              uint64_t keylen, uint64_t datalen,
-              uint64_t actuallen, unsigned hashlow,
-              unsigned int zone_bits)
+              unsigned magic, uint64_t keylen, uint64_t datalen,
+              uint64_t actuallen, unsigned hashlow)
 {
        uint64_t keybits = (fls64(keylen) + 1) / 2;
 
        /* Use bottom bits of hash, so it's independent of hash table size. */
-       rec->magic_and_meta
-               = zone_bits
-               | ((hashlow & ((1 << 5)-1)) << 6)
+       rec->magic_and_meta = (hashlow & ((1 << 11)-1))
                | ((actuallen - (keylen + datalen)) << 11)
                | (keybits << 43)
-               | (TDB_MAGIC << 48);
+               | ((uint64_t)magic << 48);
        rec->key_and_data_len = (keylen | (datalen << (keybits*2)));
 
        /* Encoding can fail on big values. */
        if (rec_key_length(rec) != keylen
            || rec_data_length(rec) != datalen
            || rec_extra_padding(rec) != actuallen - (keylen + datalen)) {
-               tdb->ecode = TDB_ERR_IO;
-               tdb->log(tdb, TDB_DEBUG_ERROR, tdb->log_priv,
-                        "Could not encode k=%llu,d=%llu,a=%llu\n",
+               tdb_logerr(tdb, TDB_ERR_IO, TDB_DEBUG_ERROR,
+                        "Could not encode k=%llu,d=%llu,a=%llu",
                         (long long)keylen, (long long)datalen,
                         (long long)actuallen);
                return -1;
@@ -576,33 +576,31 @@ int set_header(struct tdb_context *tdb,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static bool zones_happy(struct tdb_context *tdb)
-{
-       /* FIXME: look at distribution of zones. */
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Assume we want buckets up to the comfort factor. */
-static tdb_len_t overhead(unsigned int zone_bits)
-{
-       return sizeof(struct free_zone_header)
-               + (BUCKETS_FOR_ZONE(zone_bits) + 1) * sizeof(tdb_off_t);
-}
-
-/* Expand the database (by adding a zone). */
+/* Expand the database. */
 static int tdb_expand(struct tdb_context *tdb, tdb_len_t size)
 {
        uint64_t old_size;
-       tdb_off_t off;
-       uint8_t zone_bits;
-       unsigned int num_buckets;
        tdb_len_t wanted;
-       struct free_zone_header zhdr;
-       bool enlarge_zone;
 
        /* We need room for the record header too. */
        wanted = sizeof(struct tdb_used_record) + size;
 
+       /* Need to hold a hash lock to expand DB: transactions rely on it. */
+       if (!(tdb->flags & TDB_NOLOCK)
+           && !tdb->allrecord_lock.count && !tdb_has_hash_locks(tdb)) {
+               tdb_logerr(tdb, TDB_ERR_LOCK, TDB_DEBUG_ERROR,
+                          "tdb_expand: must hold lock during expand");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       /* always make room for at least 100 more records, and at
+           least 25% more space. */
+       if (size * TDB_EXTENSION_FACTOR > tdb->map_size / 4)
+               wanted = size * TDB_EXTENSION_FACTOR;
+       else
+               wanted = tdb->map_size / 4;
+       wanted = adjust_size(0, wanted);
+
        /* Only one person can expand file at a time. */
        if (tdb_lock_expand(tdb, F_WRLCK) != 0)
                return -1;
@@ -610,75 +608,26 @@ static int tdb_expand(struct tdb_context *tdb, tdb_len_t size)
        /* Someone else may have expanded the file, so retry. */
        old_size = tdb->map_size;
        tdb->methods->oob(tdb, tdb->map_size + 1, true);
-       if (tdb->map_size != old_size)
-               goto success;
-
-       /* FIXME: Tailer is a bogus optimization, remove it. */
-       /* zone bits tailer char is protected by EXPAND lock. */
-       if (tdb->methods->read(tdb, old_size - 1, &zone_bits, 1) == -1)
-               goto fail;
-
-       /* If zones aren't working well, add larger zone if possible. */
-       enlarge_zone = !zones_happy(tdb);
-
-       /* New zone can be between zone_bits or larger if we're on the right
-        * boundary. */
-       for (;;) {
-               /* Does this fit the allocation comfortably? */
-               if ((1ULL << zone_bits) >= overhead(zone_bits) + wanted) {
-                       /* Only let enlarge_zone enlarge us once. */
-                       if (!enlarge_zone)
-                               break;
-                       enlarge_zone = false;
-               }
-               if ((old_size - 1 - sizeof(struct tdb_header))
-                   & (1 << zone_bits))
-                       break;
-               zone_bits++;
+       if (tdb->map_size != old_size) {
+               tdb_unlock_expand(tdb, F_WRLCK);
+               return 0;
        }
 
-       zhdr.zone_bits = zone_bits;
-       num_buckets = BUCKETS_FOR_ZONE(zone_bits);
-
-       /* FIXME: I don't think we need to expand to full zone, do we? */
-       if (tdb->methods->expand_file(tdb, 1ULL << zone_bits) == -1)
-               goto fail;
-
-       /* Write new tailer. */
-       if (tdb->methods->write(tdb, tdb->map_size - 1, &zone_bits, 1) == -1)
-               goto fail;
-
-       /* Write new zone header (just before old tailer). */
-       off = old_size - 1;
-       if (tdb_write_convert(tdb, off, &zhdr, sizeof(zhdr)) == -1)
-               goto fail;
-
-       /* Now write empty buckets. */
-       off += sizeof(zhdr);
-       if (zero_out(tdb, off, (num_buckets+1) * sizeof(tdb_off_t)) == -1)
-               goto fail;
-       off += (num_buckets+1) * sizeof(tdb_off_t);
-
-       /* Now add the rest as our free record. */
-       if (add_free_record(tdb, zone_bits, off, tdb->map_size-1-off) == -1)
-               goto fail;
-
-       /* Try allocating from this zone now. */
-       tdb->zone_off = old_size - 1;
-       tdb->zhdr = zhdr;
+       if (tdb->methods->expand_file(tdb, wanted) == -1) {
+               tdb_unlock_expand(tdb, F_WRLCK);
+               return -1;
+       }
 
-success:
+       /* We need to drop this lock before adding free record. */
        tdb_unlock_expand(tdb, F_WRLCK);
-       return 0;
 
-fail:
-       tdb_unlock_expand(tdb, F_WRLCK);
-       return -1;
+       add_stat(tdb, expands, 1);
+       return add_free_record(tdb, old_size, wanted);
 }
 
 /* This won't fail: it will expand the database if it has to. */
 tdb_off_t alloc(struct tdb_context *tdb, size_t keylen, size_t datalen,
-               uint64_t hash, bool growing)
+               uint64_t hash, unsigned magic, bool growing)
 {
        tdb_off_t off;
 
@@ -686,11 +635,11 @@ tdb_off_t alloc(struct tdb_context *tdb, size_t keylen, size_t datalen,
        assert(!tdb->direct_access);
 
        for (;;) {
-               off = get_free(tdb, keylen, datalen, growing, hash);
+               off = get_free(tdb, keylen, datalen, growing, magic, hash);
                if (likely(off != 0))
                        break;
 
-               if (tdb_expand(tdb, adjust_size(keylen, datalen, growing)))
+               if (tdb_expand(tdb, adjust_size(keylen, datalen)))
                        return TDB_OFF_ERR;
        }