1 PPP Support for Microsoft's CHAP-80
2 ===================================
4 Eric Rosenquist rosenqui@strataware.com
5 (updated by Paul Mackerras)
6 (updated by Al Longyear)
7 (updated by Farrell Woods)
8 (updated by Frank Cusack)
12 Microsoft has introduced an extension to the Challenge/Handshake
13 Authentication Protocol (CHAP) which avoids storing cleartext
14 passwords on a server. (Unfortunately, this is not as secure as it
15 sounds, because the encrypted password stored on a server can be used
16 by a bogus client to gain access to the server just as easily as if
17 the password were stored in cleartext.) The details of the Microsoft
18 extensions can be found in the document:
20 <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2433.txt>
22 In short, MS-CHAP is identified as <auth chap 80> since the hex value
23 of 80 is used to designate Microsoft's scheme. Standard PPP CHAP uses
24 a value of 5. If you enable PPP debugging with the "debug" option and
25 see something like the following in your logs, the remote server is
28 rcvd [LCP ConfReq id=0x2 <asyncmap 0x0> <auth MS> <magic 0x46a3>]
31 MS-CHAP is enabled by default under Linux in pppd/Makefile.linux by
37 If you've never used PPPD with CHAP before, read the man page (type
38 "man pppd") and read the description in there. Basically, you need to
39 edit the "chap-secrets" file typically named /etc/ppp/chap-secrets.
40 This should contain the following two lines for each system with which
41 you use CHAP (with no leading blanks):
43 RemoteHost Account Secret
44 Account RemoteHost Secret
46 Note that you need both lines and that item 1 and 2 are swapped in the
47 second line. I'm not sure why you need it twice, but it works and I didn't
48 have time to look into it further. The "RemoteHost" is a somewhat
49 arbitrary name for the remote Windows NT system you're dialing. It doesn't
50 have to match the NT system's name, but it *does* have to match what you
51 use with the "remotename" parameter. The "Account" is the Windows NT
52 account name you have been told to use when dialing, and the "Secret" is
53 the password for that account. For example, if your service provider calls
54 their machine "DialupNT" and tells you your account and password are
55 "customer47" and "foobar", add the following to your chap-secrets file:
57 DialupNT customer47 foobar
58 customer47 DialupNT foobar
60 The only other thing you need to do for MS-CHAP (compared to normal CHAP)
61 is to always use the "remotename" option, either on the command line or in
62 your "options" file (see the pppd man page for details). In the case of
63 the above example, you would need to use the following command line:
65 pppd name customer47 remotename DialupNT <other options>
72 to your PPPD "options" file.
74 The "remotename" option is required for MS-CHAP since Microsoft PPP servers
75 don't send their system name in the CHAP challenge packet.
78 E=691 (AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE) ERRORS WHEN YOU HAVE THE VALID SECRET (PASSWORD)
80 If your RAS server is not the domain controller and is not a 'stand-alone'
81 server then it must make a query to the domain controller for your domain.
83 You need to specify the domain name with the user name when you attempt to
84 use this type of a configuration. The domain name is specified with the
85 local name in the chap-secrets file and with the option for the 'name'
88 For example, the previous example would become:
90 DialupNT domain\\customer47 foobar
91 domain\\customer47 DialupNT foobar
95 pppd name 'domain\\customer47' remotename DialupNT <other options>
99 name domain\\customer47
102 when the Windows NT domain name is simply called 'domain'.
107 Assuming that everything else has been configured correctly for PPP and
108 CHAP, the MS-CHAP-specific problems you're likely to encounter are mostly
109 related to your Windows NT account and its settings. A Microsoft server
110 returns error codes in its CHAP response. The following are extracted from
113 646 ERROR_RESTRICTED_LOGON_HOURS
114 647 ERROR_ACCT_DISABLED
115 648 ERROR_PASSWD_EXPIRED
116 649 ERROR_NO_DIALIN_PERMISSION
117 691 ERROR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE
118 709 ERROR_CHANGING_PASSWORD
120 You'll see these in your pppd log as a line similar to:
122 Remote message: E=649 R=0
124 The "E=" is the error number from the table above, and the "R=" flag
125 indicates whether the error is transient and the client should retry. If
126 you consistently get error 691, then either you're using the wrong account
127 name/password, or the DES library or MD4 hashing (in md4.c) aren't working
128 properly. Verify your account name and password (use a Windows NT or
129 Windows 95 system to dial-in if you have one available). If that checks
130 out, test the DES library with the "destest" program included with the DES
131 library. If DES checks out, the md4.c routines are probably failing
132 (system byte ordering may be a problem) or my code is screwing up. I've
133 only got access to a Linux system, so you're on your own for anything else.
135 Another thing that might cause problems is that some RAS servers won't
136 respond at all to LCP config requests without seeing the word "CLIENT"
137 from the other end. If you see pppd sending out LCP config requests
138 without getting any reply, try putting something in your chat script
139 to send the word CLIENT after the modem has connected.
143 A site using only MS-CHAP to authenticate has no need to store cleartext
144 passwords in the "chap-secrets" file. A utility that spits out the ASCII
145 hex MD4 hash of a given password would be nice, and would allow that hash
146 to be used in chap-secrets in place of the password. The code to do this
147 could quite easily be lifted from chap_ms.c (you have to convert the
148 password to Unicode before hashing it). The chap_ms.c file would also have
149 to be changed to recognize a password hash (16 binary bytes == 32 ASCII hex
150 characters) and skip the hashing stage. This would have no real security
151 value as the hash is plaintext-equivalent.