-PPP for Linux Version 2.2.0
+PPP for Linux Version 2.3.0
============= based on
- ppp-2.2.0
- Mar 1995
+ ppp-2.3.0
+ Dec 1996
Michael Callahan callahan@maths.ox.ac.uk
Al Longyear longyear@netcom.com
Contents:
INTRODUCTION
CREDITS
- CHANGES FROM THE PREVIOUS VERSION
- FUTURE PLANS
INSTALLATION
+ PROBLEMS WHICH MAY OCCUR WHILE BUILDING THE KERNEL
+ A REFERENCE TO UNDEFINED _mod_use_count_
+ BLOCK ON FREELIST AT nnnnnn ISN'T FREE
GENERAL NETWORK CONFIGURATION
CONNECTING TO A PPP SERVER
IF IT WORKS
INTRODUCTION
-This file is substantially derived from the previous version for
-the pppd process 2.2.0. Michael Callahan wrote that version. This
-particular version was written, modified, hacked, changed, whatever,
-by Al Longyear. If you find errors in this document, they are probably
-mine and not Michael's.
+This file is substantially derived from the previous version for the
+pppd process 2.3.0, which itself was derived from earlier works by
+Michael Callahan. This particular version was written, modified,
+hacked, changed, whatever, by Al Longyear. If you find errors in this
+document, they are probably mine and not Michael's.
This is a PPP driver for Linux. It has been used by many people and
seems to be quite stable. It is capable of being used either as a
The PPP protocol consists of two parts. One is a scheme for framing
and encoding packets, the other is a series of protocols called LCP,
-IPCP, UPAP and CHAP, for negotiating link options and for
+IPCP, PAP and CHAP, for negotiating link options and for
authentication. This package similarly consists of two parts: a
kernel module which handles PPP's low-level framing protocol, and a
user-level program called pppd which implements PPP's negotiation
the PPP kernel module that provides a signal when packets appear and
made pppd use this instead.
-Al Longyear ported version 2.2 of pppd (from the free package
-ppp-2.2.0) to Linux. He also provided several enhancements to both
+Al Longyear ported version 2.0 of pppd (from the free package
+ppp-2.0.0) to Linux. He also provided several enhancements to both
the kernel driver and the OS-independent part of pppd. His
contributions to Linux PPP have been immense, and so this release
is being distributed over both our names.
-CHANGES FROM THE PREVIOUS VERSION
-
-- The number of devices for the PPP device has been made dynamic. It was
- previously configured with the default value of four devices.
-
-- The problems dealing with other systems such as Windows NT and their
- authenticiation has been corrected. It will now generate the proper
- responses to allow the system to choose a valid authentication protocol.
-
-- The kernel debug value has changed. Previously it was a level. It is now
- a bit map with various bits meaning certain types of debug information.
-
- 0 - No debug information is generated
- 1 - Debug messages
- 2 - Log incoming packets
- 4 - Log outgoing packets
- 8 - Log tty output buffers
- 16 - Log tty input buffers
-
- If you wish to use any combination, add the values together. For example,
- '7' will log debug messages and incoming packages and outgoing packets.
-
- The default setting is 0.
-
- The simple IP trace which ppp.c performed when 'kdebug' was greater than
- 127 has been removed. You should use tcpdump for this type of trace
- actions.
-
-- Support is added for compression control protocol. At the present time
- only the BSD-Compress compression protocol is supported.
-
-- There are two queues for output frames. This avoids some problems which
- occured with the previous version and some PPP packages which exchanged
- echo frames with Linux.
-
-- The echo frames are now proper. Previously, it would generate extra
- characters and this caused some providers to not respond to the 'junk'.
-
-- The max-echo-failure option will now properly disconnect the line.
-
-- There are other changes which are listed in the general README file. Please
- read that file as well for changes.
-
-- There is no limit to the number of ppp devices which you may use. Jim Freeman
- has added code to create them upon demand and to re-use the ones which have
- been closed. There is no code, nor plans to write code, to remove (delete)
- the un-used devices. So, if your system goes to a spurt and uses 3000 ppp
- devices, it will remain at that level until you next reload the kernel.
-
-
-
-FUTURE PLANS
-
-The IPX support is still minimal. There is code which will only work with
-the 1.3 version of the networking software. The pppd process will still
-require changes to support the IPXCP and a change to the driver to properly
-enable/disable the IPX frames. Jim Freeman is reportily working on the IPX
-support.
-
-
-
INSTALLATION
-This version of PPP has been tested on 1.1.x (x>=14) It will probably
-not work on kernels much earlier than this due to a change in the
-routing code. If you have an earlier kernel, please upgrade.
+This version of PPP has been tested on kernel version 1.3.100. It will
+probably not work on kernels much earlier than this due to earlier problems
+with the kernels. If you have an earlier kernel, please upgrade to the 2.0
+kernel (when it is available).
joining the PPP channel of linux-activists:
Use the following procedure for all kernel versions. There are six steps
numbered one through six. Please do them in order and not skip one.
+
1. Issue the command:
./configure
set of symbolic links to the makefiles. They should link 'Makefile' to
'Makefile.linux' in each of the directories.
+
2. Issue the command:
make kernel
wish. The additional executions will only change the files which have
not been changed.
+
3. Build the kernel.
You must rebuild the kernel with this package. The driver is totally
-new and will not work with the older daemon and the newer daemon will
+new and may not work with the older daemon and the newer daemon will
not work with the older kernel driver. If you don't know how to build
a kernel, then you should read the README file in the kernel source
directory.
If you wish module support then you need to have the 'modules-1.1.87'
package installed as the minimum version. Earlier versions of the module
-support will not work properly.
+support will not work properly. All of the later ones will.
+
+As of this time, the current version for the modules package is
+1.2.0. Even 1.1.87 is old. However, if you only have 1.1.87 then it
+will do as it permits the symbol table references. Please consider
+upgrading the module package however.
Instructions on building the kernel with modules are given in the
README.modules in the kernel source directory.
-4. Build the programs.
+
+4. Install the kernel
+
+If you are using the Yggdrasil distribution then you need to 'install'
+the kernel at this point. Refer to their documentation on the procedures
+to install the kernel.
+
+Distributions other than the Yggdrasil will normally install the
+kernel when you build it.
+
+
+5. Build the programs.
The programs are built next. The command to build the programs is fairly
simple. Just issue the command:
from the top level directory where this README.linux file is located.
-5. Install the programs.
+
+6. Install the programs.
You may use the command
make install
to install the various programs. They will be installed into the
-/usr/lib/ppp directory. You may not like this directory for the
+/usr/sbin directory. You may not like this directory for the
executables. The directory name is called BINDIR and is set in the
file 'linux/Makefile.linux'.
-6. Reboot to the new kernel.
+Earlier versions of the pppd package used /usr/lib/ppp as the
+directory. This has been changed. If you still have code in
+/usr/lib/ppp then you should remove it as it is probably the 2.1
+version of the code. That version will not work with the current ppp.c
+drivers in the kernel.
+
+
+7. Reboot to the new kernel.
After building the new kernel, you will need to actually use it. Reboot
the Linux system and you may then use the new pppd program.
-7. Load optional modules.
-If you are using loadable modules for the ppp or bsd compression then
-you must load them after the kernel has been started. The following
-relative order must be maintained.
+8. Load optional modules.
+
+If you are using loadable modules for the ppp then you must load them
+after the kernel has been started. The following relative order must
+be maintained.
Sequence Module Description
1 slhc.o VJ header compression
2 ppp.o PPP driver
3 bsd_comp.o BSD compression for PPP's compression protocol.
+If you only have the bsd comprssor as a module then you may load it without
+regard to any order. Likewise you may load the deflate compressor without
+regard to any order with the BSD one. The idea is that the ppp.o code must
+be loaded to use the compressor and the VJ header compression code must be
+loaded to use ppp.o.
+
You may elect not to load the BSD compression module if you desire. There
is a controversy regarding a Motorola software patent and while it is
believed that this code does not infringe upon the patent, it is however
an optional component.
-In addition, if memory is a premium, do not run the BSD compression. It
+The deflate compressor has been stated by Morotola to not infringe upon
+their patent. However, it is also new. You may not find many systems which
+use this compressor.
+
+In addition, if memory is a premium, do not run the compressors. It
may take large amounts of memory (up to 2.6 meg) for high compression
lengths to hold the compression dictionaries.
-Without the BSD compression module, the PPP driver will not accept PPP's
-compression control protocol for BSD compression.
+Without the compression modules, the PPP driver will not accept PPP's
+compression control protocol for that type. If you have no compressors
+loaded then no compression will be performed. If you don't have the BSD
+compressor loaded then the BSD compression will not be performed, even
+if the peer system supports it. Likewise with the deflate compressor.
+Compressors are unique to their type. If you have the deflate compressor
+loaded and the peer system has the BSD version, still no compression must
+be loaded. BOTH systems must support the same compression protocols.
+
+
+PROBLEMS WHICH MAY OCCUR WHILE BUILDING THE KERNEL
+
+At this time there should not be a problem with the complication of the
+drivers.
GENERAL NETWORK CONFIGURATION
192.1.1.23 chelseapc.president.whitehouse.gov chelseapc
where my IP address is 192.1.1.17 and my hostname is
-billpc.president.whitehouse.gov. (Not really, you understand.) If
-your PPP server does dynamic IP address assignment, give a guess as to
-an address you might get (see also "Dynamic Address Assignment"
-below).
+billpc.president.whitehouse.gov. (Not really, but you should
+understand my meaning.) If your PPP server does dynamic IP address
+assignment, give a guess as to an address you might get (see also
+"Dynamic Address Assignment" below).
Finally, you need to configure the domain name system by putting
appropriate lines in /etc/resolv.conf . It should look something like
"" send a return (null text followed by usual return)
ogin: ppp word: whitewater log in.
+ Please refer to the chat man page, chat.8, for more information
+ on the chat utility.
+
/dev/cua1 specify the callout serial port cua1
38400 specify baud rate
debug log status in syslog
("black%"), then starts PPP. The -t60 argument sets the timeout to a
minute, since things here are sometimes very slow.
+(The sendbreak program is not included in this package.)
+
The "&& sleep 5" causes the script to pause for 5 seconds, unless chat
fails in which case it exits immediately. This is just to give the
PPP server time to start (it's very slow). Also, the "stty -echo"
TX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0
ppp0 Link encap Point-to-Point Protocol
- inet addr 192.76.32.2 P-t-P 129.67.1.165 Mask 255.255.255.0
+ inet addr 192.76.32.3 P-t-P 129.67.1.165 Mask 255.255.255.0
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING MTU 1500 Metric 1
RX packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0
TX packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0
modem
crtscts
lock
-:192.1.2.23
+:192.1.2.33
-Here we will insist that the remote machine use IP address 192.1.2.23,
+Here we will insist that the remote machine use IP address 192.1.2.33,
while the local PPP interface will use the IP address associated with
this machine's hostname in /etc/hosts. The '-detach' option is required
for a server. It tells the pppd process not to terminate until the modem
option to pppd on the server. Suppose, for example, we have this
setup:
- 192.1.2.23 192.1.2.17
+ 192.1.2.33 192.1.2.17
+-----------+ PPP link +----------+
| chelseapc | ------------------- | billpc |
+-----------+ +----------+
modem
crtscts
lock
-192.1.2.17:192.1.2.23
+192.1.2.17:192.1.2.33
proxyarp
When the link comes up, pppd will enter a "proxy arp" entry for
chelseapc into the arp table on billpc. What this means effectively
is that billpc will pretend to the other machines on the 192.1.2.x
Ethernet that its Ethernet interface is ALSO the interface for
-chelseapc (192.1.2.23) as well as billpc (192.1.2.17). In practice
+chelseapc (192.1.2.33) as well as billpc (192.1.2.17). In practice
this means that chelseapc can communicate just as if it was directly
connected to the Ethernet.
projects / ppp.git / blobdiff